Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat India
The Kansari Mavli is a sacred grove situated in the Songadh Forest, Tapi District, Gujarat, India. There is a beautiful forest near the city of Vyara. Kansari Mavli sacred grove has a temple. During present field investigation, attempts were made to categorize the floral diversity of this sacred grove, and around 145 flowering plant species belonging to 116 genera under 51 family have been recorded. This grove serves as a vital pool for Preservation of Threatened endemic and medicinal plant species.
Areas of trees or natural forests that are protected and revered for spiritual, religious, or cultural reasons are known as sacred groves. Numerous indigenous communities worldwide have declared specific forests or groves to be sacred, and these groves are often considered sacred sites that may be associated with various deities or belief systems. Often believed to be inhabited by gods, ghosts, or ancestors, they are considered to be places of spiritual significance. In sacred groves, which are collections of plants, the locals have long engaged in religious worship of gods and goddesses. Sacred groves are maintained by the local population, who also tend to the forest's water life, wildlife, and vegetation. The inhabitants protect the environment and live in harmony with it. The residents have been preserving the forest plants in these sacred groves since their ancestors. The people who live in sacred groves beg nature's pardon before taking any trees away for human use. After then, they make use of the tree for their own objectives. Numerous plant species can also be found in the area surrounding a number of sacred groves. Tribal people worship a variety of gods and goddesses for protection under various titles. Worship rites are conducted in accordance with various beliefs that are observed at each holy grove location. 29 SGs have been reported from Gujarat. Gupta and collaborators (2000). Reports of 28 SGs have been made in the Sabarkantha district of North Gujarat. (Mehta 2011) (Malsatar Alpesh et al ., 2017). Sacred groves have been found in the central hilly regions, the northeastern region, and the Western Ghats region of India, where the indigenous population inhabits. Some experts estimate that there may be as many as 150,000 sacred groves throughout India, despite the fact that there are already over 14,000 knowns (Solanki et al., 2021).
STUDY AREA
Kansari mavli is the goddess of grain, according to the gods and goddesses of the traditional tribal farmers. The sacred grove lies between the villages of Nishana and Kavla in the Tapi district, at the base of a steep hill in a densely forested area. Situated between N 21°11'12 E 73°28'32 is the research area. One of the numerous sacred groves in the Songadh forest area of the Vyara division is Kansari Mavli. The vicinity of several sacred groves is also home to a wide variety of plant species. Under different names, tribal people worship a wide range of gods and goddesses for protection. For many years, the villagers have worshipped gods and goddesses in sacred groves, which are clumps of plants. The locals care for the forest's vegetation, fauna, and aquatic life in addition to maintaining sacred groves. As the name implies, the sacred groves are connected to specific gods. There is also a medieval temple in this wood. The descendants and members of the local community hold a daylong celebration known as the "Mela" in honor of the saint. The climate in Kansari Mavli is hot and semi-arid, with cool, pleasant winters, a short monsoon season, and dry, scorching summers. As is common in the semi-arid environment of the area, Kansari Mavli Songadh has considerable temperature fluctuations between hot summers and cool winters. It is believed that Kansari Mavli Songadh, located in southern Rajasthan, receives 400 to 800 mm of rainfall annually, or roughly 15 to 31 inches.
Fig - 1: Geographical location of Kansari Mavli Sacred Grove
Fig – 2: Kansari Mavli Temple
MATERIALE AND METHODS
The Kansari Mavli sacred grove, which is essentially a temple grove located in the Songadh Forest range in Tapi District, is the subject of this paper's case study. With the assistance of the local residents, the research area was located and regularly visited. The GPS coordinates were captured using Google earth. On multiple field trips, the blossoming plants were examined and gathered. With the assistance of local taxonomy and flora experts, plant species were identified and investigated. Pictures of the blossoming plants and sacred forest were also taken. The collected specimens werepreserved in a herbarium. Plant species were also used to determine family distribution; here, genera and species were noted. Additionally, a study on quadrates was carried out in this hallowed forest. Species Number of Data Collected: Find out how many individuals of each plant species are present in each quadrat. These sacred groves were divided into 10-by-10-meter quadrates in different locations across the forest. After counting the amount of each plant species in each quadrate, the data was analyzed to look for distributional trends.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant List:
There are 145 flowering plant species in 21 families in this holy grove. In this area, the Fabaceae and Malvaceae families are prevalent. The habitat is mostly made up of herbaceous plants. With 30 species, the most prominent family is Fabaceae.
Table 1: Plant List of Floristic Diversity Kansari Mavli Sacred Grove
|
Sr No |
Scientific Name |
Vernacular Name (Local Name) |
Family |
Habit |
|
1 |
Abrus precatorius L. |
Chanothi (Bingli) |
Fabaceae |
Climber |
|
2 |
Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. |
Australian baval (Bangali bavala) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
3 |
Acacia Senegal (L.) Willd. |
Goradiyo baval (Kati) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
4 |
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne |
Israeli babool |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
5 |
Acalypha ciliate Forssk. |
Dadra (Chuchi) |
Euphorbiaceae |
Herb |
|
6 |
Acalypha indica L. |
Dadaro |
Euphorbiaceae |
Herb |
|
7 |
Achyranthes aspera L. |
Anghedi (Zizda) |
Amaranthaceae |
Herb |
|
8 |
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa |
Bili (Bili) |
Rutaceae |
Tree |
|
9 |
Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin |
Ankol |
Cornaceae |
Small Tree or Shrub |
|
10 |
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. |
Shirish (Hirho) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
11 |
Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. |
Kilai |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
12 |
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. |
Jal jambvo (Fulaliya) |
Amaranthaceae |
Herb |
|
13 |
Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. |
Jungle draksh (Puhiye he hejiye velo) |
Vitaceae |
Climber |
|
14 |
Argemone Mexicana L. |
Darudi (Pingliya) |
Papaveraceae |
Herb |
|
15 |
Asparagus racemosus Willd. |
Shatavari (Zegiliya) |
Asparagaceae |
Shrub |
|
16 |
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. |
Neem (Limdo) |
Meliaceae |
Tree |
|
17 |
Azanza lampas (cav.) Alef. |
Jungle bhindo (Rani- Behnda) |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
18 |
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. |
Bamboo (Chimatha) |
Poaceae |
Tree |
|
19 |
Bauhinia racemose Lam. |
Aptu (Hinglo) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
20 |
Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. |
Zarero (Lajvaliya) |
Oxalidaceae |
Herb |
|
21 |
Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. |
Kolhar, Pilo Kapurio (Moya) |
Asteraceae |
Herb |
|
22 |
Boerhavia diffusa L. |
Satodi (Dhogad fodiya) |
Nyctaginaceae |
Herb |
|
23 |
Bombax ceiba |
Shimalo (Havro) |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
|
24 |
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. |
Khakhro (Khakhro) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
25 |
Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth |
Tuver (Tuvi) |
Fabaceae |
Shrub |
|
26 |
Calotropis procera (Ait)R.Br. |
Aakdo (Ruy) |
Apocynaceae |
Shrub |
|
27 |
Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. |
(Aabli) |
Fabaceae |
Climber |
|
28 |
Capparis zeylanica L. |
(Bilada) |
Capparaceae |
Shrub |
|
29 |
Careya arborea Roxb. |
Kumbh (Kumbhiyo) |
Lecythidaceae |
Tree |
|
30 |
Carissa spinarum L. |
(Konda) |
Apocynaceae |
Shrub or small tree |
|
31 |
Cassia Fistula L. |
Garmado (Girmalo) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
32 |
Cassine glauca Rottb. Kuntze. |
Bhut zad |
Celastraceae |
Tree |
|
33 |
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. |
Safed Shimdo |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
|
34 |
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. |
Malkagani (Manikagani) |
Celastraceae |
Climber |
|
35 |
Cissampelos pereira L. |
Venivel |
Menispermaceae |
Climber |
|
36 |
Cleome viscosa L. |
Pili-Talavani (Higal beaediya) |
Cleomaceae |
Herb |
|
37 |
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt |
Tindora (Mane tondle) |
Cucurbitaceae |
Climber |
|
38 |
Cocculus Hirsutus (L.) W. Theab. |
Vasan vel (Osana velo) |
Menispermaceae |
Climber |
|
39 |
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott |
Aalvi (Ahaliye) |
Araceae |
Herb |
|
40 |
Commelina benghalensis L. |
Motu Shishmuliyum (Kena) |
Commelinaceae |
Herb |
|
41 |
Commelina diffusa Burm.f. |
(Kena) |
Commelinaceae |
Herb |
|
42 |
Crateva tapia L. |
(Vani dovdi) |
Capparaceae |
Tree |
|
43 |
Crotalaria juncea L. |
Shan (Homiya) |
Fabaceae |
Shrub |
|
44 |
Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) M.R. Almeida |
Kali- Kauli |
Apocynaceae |
Climber |
|
45 |
Cucumis maderaspatanus |
Chanak- Chibhdi (Golgumthe) |
Cucurbitaceae |
Climber |
|
46 |
Curculiga orchioides Gaertn. |
Kali-musli |
Hypoxidaceae |
Herb |
|
47 |
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. |
Dharo (Dovada) |
Poaceae |
Herb |
|
48 |
Cyperus esculentus L. |
(Gudalan) |
Cyperaceae |
Herb |
|
49 |
Cyperus iria L. |
Moth ni jat |
Cyperaceae |
Herb |
|
50 |
Cyperus rotundus L. |
Moth (Chido) |
Cyperaceae |
Herb |
|
51 |
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. |
Shisham |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
52 |
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. |
Sisam |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
53 |
Datura metel L. |
Dhatoria (Datara) |
Solanaceae |
Shrub |
|
54 |
Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) |
Gulmohar (Gulmor) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
55 |
Dendeocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees |
Nakor Vans (Chimatha) |
Poaceae |
Tree |
|
56 |
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh |
Vando (Medadan) |
Loranthaceae |
Shrub |
|
57 |
Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. |
Zino Pandadiyo (Jaajla) |
Fabaceae |
Herb |
|
58 |
Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. |
Karmal |
Dilleniaceae |
Tree |
|
59 |
Dioscorea bulbifera L. |
Kadu Kand (Mithi alkhdi) |
Dioscoreaceae |
Climber |
|
60 |
Dioscorea hispida Dennst |
Bhoinkand (Kandiya) |
Dioscoreaceae |
Climber |
|
61 |
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. |
(Kandiya) |
Dioscoreaceae |
Climber |
|
62 |
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. |
Tamru (Totdiya) |
Ebenaceae |
Tree or Shrub |
|
63 |
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. |
Nilgiri (Nirgda) |
Myrtaceae |
Tree or Shrub |
|
64 |
Euphorbia hirta L. |
Dudhi, Dudhghas |
Euphorbiaceae |
Herb |
|
65 |
Ficus hispida L.f. |
Dhed Umbar |
Moraceae |
Small tree or Shrub |
|
66 |
Ficus racemosa L. |
Umardo (Umbo) |
Moraceae |
Tree |
|
67 |
Garuga pinnata Roxb. |
Kakad (Kakado) |
Burseraceae |
Tree |
|
68 |
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. |
Gobbrada Gido |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
69 |
Gloriosa superba L. |
Dudhio |
Colchicaceae |
Climber |
|
70 |
Gmelina arborea Roxb. |
Shevan |
Lamiaceae |
Tree |
|
71 |
Gomphrena celosioides Mart. |
Gomphrena weed |
Amaranthaceae |
Herb |
|
72 |
Grewia flavescens Juss. |
Siali |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
73 |
Grewia tiliifolia Vahl |
Dhaman (Aatada) |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
|
74 |
Grewia villosa Willd. |
Luska |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
75 |
Guilandina bonduc L. |
Kanchaka (Kachko) |
Fabaceae |
Climber |
|
76 |
Hadina cordifolia (Roxb.) |
Haldarvo (Oldana) |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
|
77 |
Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don |
Kudavo Indrajav (Kuvda) |
Apocynaceae |
Tree |
|
78 |
Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. |
Luniyo, Madhamahudo, Bhammar Chaal |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
|
79 |
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. |
Nali ni bhjil (Nalini bhaji) |
Convolvulaceae |
Climber |
|
80 |
Ipomoea carnea Jacq. |
Alpavardhini (Noffatiya) |
Convolvulaceae |
Shrub or Climber |
|
81 |
Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. |
Bhui Kumro |
Convolvulaceae |
Climber |
|
82 |
Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. |
Vaghpadni Vel |
Convolvulaceae |
Climber |
|
83 |
Jatropha gossypiifolia Cael Linnaeus |
Ratanjyot |
Euphorbiaceae |
Shrub |
|
84 |
Kydia calycina Roxb. |
Moti Hirvani |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
|
85 |
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. |
Modhad (Modla) |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
|
86 |
Lantana camara L. |
Ramku, Tantani |
Verbenaceae |
Shrub |
|
87 |
Lawsonia inermis L. |
Medi, Mendi (Mehdada) |
Lythraceae |
Shrub or small tree |
|
88 |
Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell. |
Kathodiyo |
Linderniaceae |
Herb |
|
89 |
Luffa aegyptiaca Mill |
Galka (Mana dodka) |
Cucurbitaceae |
Climber |
|
90 |
Madhuca longifolia (J. Konig) J.F.Macbr. |
Mahudo (Movdo) |
Sapotaceae |
Tree |
|
91 |
Mangifera indica L. |
Aambo, Keri (Ambo) |
Anacardiaceae |
Tree |
|
92 |
Martynia annua L. |
Vinchhudo (Wagh nokhiya) |
Martyniaceae |
Herb |
|
93 |
Melochia corchorifolia L. |
Chokelate ghas |
Malvaceae |
Herb |
|
94 |
Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze |
Vilayati tulsi |
Lamiaceae |
Herb |
|
95 |
Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) J.Sinclair |
Umbh, Hoom |
Annonaceae |
Tree |
|
96 |
Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth |
Kalam |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
|
97 |
Morinda pubescens Sm. |
Aal, Aach (Ali) |
Rubiaceae |
Tree |
|
98 |
Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. |
Kavach (Khajla) |
Fabaceae |
Climber |
|
99 |
Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. |
Gando baval (Gando baval) |
Fabaceae |
Shrub or small tree |
|
100 |
Ocimum americanum L. |
Damro |
Lamiaceae |
Herb |
|
101 |
Ocimum tenuiflorum L. |
Tulsi (Tulsi) |
Lamiaceae |
Herb |
|
102 |
Oplismenus compositus (l.) P. Beauv. |
Shara |
Poaceae |
Herb |
|
103 |
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth.ex Kurz |
Tentu |
Bignoniaceae |
Tree |
|
104 |
Oryza sativa L. |
Chaval (Bat) |
Poaceae |
Herb |
|
105 |
Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) Hochr. |
Sandan |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
106 |
Phyllanthus emblica L. |
Amla, Ambala (Aavla) |
Phyllanthaceae |
Tree |
|
107 |
Phyllanthus niruri L. |
Bhui Amla (Moti bhonyamli) |
Phyllanthaceae |
Herb |
|
108 |
Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst. |
Moti Bhoi-Amli (Bhonyamli) |
Phyllanthaceae |
Herb |
|
109 |
Physalis minima L. |
Popti (Dolara) |
Solanaceae |
Herb |
|
110 |
Plumbago zeylanica L. |
Chitro (Chitraka) |
Plumbaginaceae |
Herb |
|
111 |
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre |
Karanj |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
112 |
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxburgh |
Biyo |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
113 |
Rhynchosia miima (L.) DC. |
Nahani Kamala Vel |
Fabaceae |
Climber |
|
114 |
Ricinus communis L. |
Divelo, Erandi (Aaeda) |
Euphorbiaceae |
Shrub |
|
115 |
Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees. |
Khadsello |
Acanthaceae |
Herb |
|
116 |
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken |
Kosumb |
Sapindaceae |
Tree |
|
117 |
Senegalia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottler) Maslin |
Kher (Katada) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
118 |
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link |
Kasundari (Motha dindriya) |
Fabaceae |
Shrub or herb |
|
119 |
Senna tora (L.) Roxb. |
Kuvadio (Dindriya) |
Fabaceae |
Herb |
|
120 |
Sida acuta Burm.f. |
Bala, Jangli Methi |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
121 |
Sida cordifolia L. |
Baladana |
Malvaceae |
Herb or small shrub |
|
122 |
Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss |
Ragat Rohido (Bondara) |
Meliaceae |
Tree |
|
123 |
Sphaeranthus indicus L. |
Gorakhmundi (Bothda bhaji) |
Asteraceae |
Herb |
|
124 |
Spilanthes paniculata Wall.ex DC. |
Marethi |
Asteraceae |
Herb |
|
125 |
Sterculia urens Roxb. |
Kogdol, Kadayo |
Malvaceae |
Tree |
|
126 |
Stereospermum chelonoides DC. |
Padal |
Bignoniaceae |
Tree |
|
127 |
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. |
Jambu (Jamba) |
Myrtaceae |
Tree |
|
128 |
Tamarindus indica L. |
Amali (Amali) |
Fabaceae |
Tree |
|
129 |
Tectona grandis L. |
Sag (Hag) |
Lamiaceae |
Tree |
|
130 |
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. |
Ghodakan |
Fabaceae |
Herb or shrub |
|
131 |
Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. |
Dhav, Dhavado |
Combretaceae |
Tree |
|
132 |
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. |
Sadado, Arjun Sadad (Buro haddo) |
Combretaceae |
Tree |
|
133 |
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. |
Baheda (Beaeda) |
Combretaceae |
Tree |
|
134 |
Terminalia elliptica Willd. |
Sadad (Haddo) |
Combretaceae |
Tree |
|
135 |
Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers |
Galo |
Menispermaceae |
Climber |
|
136 |
Tridax procumbens L. |
Ghaburi (Dingliya khod) |
Asteraceae |
Herb |
|
137 |
Triumfetta pentandra A. Rich. |
Jhipati (Chiptiya) |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
138 |
Urena lobata L. |
Vagadau bhindo |
Malvaceae |
Shrub |
|
139 |
Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. |
Baval (Baval) |
Fabaceae |
Tree or large shrub |
|
140 |
Ventilago denticulata Willd. |
Pathari, Raktavalli |
Rhamnaceae |
Climber |
|
141 |
Vitex negundo L. |
Nagod (Mana nirgada) |
Lamiaceae |
Tree |
|
142 |
Woodfordia fruticose (L.) Kurz |
Dhawani |
Lythraceae |
Shrub |
|
143 |
Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. |
Dudhlo |
Apocynaceae |
Tree |
|
144 |
Wrightia tinctorial (Roxb.) R.Br. Mem. Wern. |
Dudhalo |
Apocynaceae |
Tree |
|
145 |
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. |
Bor, Boradi (Burbuta) |
Rhamnaceae |
Tree or shrub |
4.2. Family Distribution: During the study, it was recorded that Fabaceae was the dominant family among Dicotyledons represented by 30 species and 25 Genera. Whereas out of 27 families were represented with more than one species record, while 23 families were represented with single species.
Table - 2: Family Wise Number of Species and Genera Study in Kansari Mavli Sacred Grove
|
Sr No. |
Family |
Genera |
Species |
|
1. |
Acanthaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
2. |
Amaranthaceae |
3 |
3 |
|
3. |
Anacardiaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
4. |
Annonaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
5. |
Apocynaceae |
5 |
6 |
|
6. |
Araceae |
1 |
1 |
|
7. |
Asparagaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
8. |
Asteraceae |
4 |
4 |
|
9. |
Bignoniaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
10. |
Burseraceae |
1 |
1 |
|
11. |
Capparaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
12. |
Celastraceae |
2 |
2 |
|
13. |
Cleomaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
14. |
Colchicaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
15. |
Combretaceae |
1 |
4 |
|
16. |
Commelinaceae |
1 |
2 |
|
17. |
Convolvulaceae |
1 |
4 |
|
18. |
Cornaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
19. |
Cucurbitaceae |
3 |
3 |
|
20. |
Cyperaceae |
1 |
3 |
|
21. |
Dilleniaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
22. |
Dioscoreaceae |
1 |
3 |
|
23. |
Ebenaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
24. |
Euphorbiaceae |
4 |
5 |
|
25. |
Fabaceae |
25 |
30 |
|
26. |
Hypoxidaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
27. |
Lamiaceae |
4 |
6 |
|
28. |
Lecythidaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
29. |
Linderniaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
30. |
Loranthaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
31. |
Lythraceae |
2 |
2 |
|
32. |
Malvaceae |
8 |
13 |
|
33. |
Martyniaceae |
1 |
2 |
|
34. |
Meliaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
35. |
Menispermaceae |
3 |
3 |
|
36. |
Moraceae |
1 |
2 |
|
37. |
Myrtaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
38. |
Nyctaginaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
39. |
Oxalidaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
40. |
Papaveraceae |
1 |
1 |
|
41. |
Phyllanthaceae |
1 |
3 |
|
42. |
Plumbaginaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
43. |
Poaceae |
4 |
4 |
|
44. |
Rhamnaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
45. |
Rubiaceae |
4 |
4 |
|
46. |
Rutaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
47. |
Sapindaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
48. |
Sapotaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
49. |
Solanaceae |
2 |
2 |
|
50. |
Verbenaceae |
1 |
1 |
|
51. |
Vitaceae |
1 |
1 |
4.3. Quadrate Study: The Euphorbia hitra species was the most frequently reported of the 10 quadrate samples during the investigation; 23 plant species were documented as having a single species, and 65 species had multiple records.
Table 3: No. Of Trees Found in Quadrate Study in Kansari Mavli Sacred Grove
|
Sr No |
Scientific Name |
Quadrate |
Total |
|||||||||||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
|
||||
|
1 |
Abrus precatorius |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
Acacia auriculiformis |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
Acacia Senegal |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
4 |
Acacia tortilis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
Acalypha ciliata |
2 |
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
Acalypha indica |
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
7 |
Achyranthes aspera |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
|
5 |
|
|
|
8 |
Aegle marmelos |
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
9 |
Alangium salviifolium |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
10 |
Albizia lebbeck |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
11 |
Albizia procera |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
Alternanthera sessilis |
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
13 |
Ampelocissus latifolia |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14 |
Argemone Mexicana |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
15 |
Asparagus racemosus |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
1 |
7 |
|
|
|
16 |
Azadirachta indica |
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
4 |
|
|
|
17 |
Azanza lampas |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
18 |
Bambusa vulgaris |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
19 |
Bauhinia racemose |
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
20 |
Biophytum sensitivum |
|
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
|
9 |
|
|
|
21 |
Blumea lacera |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
5 |
|
|
|
22 |
Boerhavia diffusa |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
23 |
Bombax ceiba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
Butea monosperma |
2 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
25 |
Cajanus cajan |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
26 |
Calotropis procera |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
27 |
Canavalia gladiata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
Capparis zeylanica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
29 |
Careya arborea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
Carissa spinarum |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
31 |
Cassia Fistula |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
Cassine glauca |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
Ceiba pentandra |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
Celastrus paniculatus |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
35 |
Cissampelos pereira |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
Cleome viscosa |
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
37 |
Coccinia grandis |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
38 |
Cocculus Hirsutus |
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
3 |
|
1 |
6 |
|
|
|
39 |
Colocasia esculenta |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
40 |
Commelina benghalensis |
|
2 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
1 |
2 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
41 |
Commelina diffusa |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
42 |
Crateva tapia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
Crotalaria juncea |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
44 |
Cryptolepis dubia |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
45 |
Cucumis maderaspatanus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
46 |
Curculiga orchioides |
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
8 |
|
|
|
47 |
Cynodon dactylon |
3 |
|
4 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9 |
23 |
|
|
|
48 |
Cyperus esculentus |
|
4 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
49 |
Cyperus iria |
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
50 |
Cyperus rotundus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
Dalbergia latifolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
Dalbergia sissoo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
Datura metel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
54 |
Delonix regia |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
55 |
Dendeocalamus strictus |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
56 |
Dendrophthoe falcata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
57 |
Desmodium triflorum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
Dillenia pentagyna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
Dioscorea bulbifera |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
60 |
Dioscorea hispida |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
Dioscorea pentaphylla |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62 |
Diospyros melanoxylon |
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
63 |
Eucalyptus globulus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64 |
Euphorbia hirta |
5 |
|
|
4 |
14 |
|
|
|
6 |
8 |
37 |
|
|
|
65 |
Ficus hispida |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66 |
Ficus racemosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
Garuga pinnata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
Gliricidia sepium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
Gloriosa superba |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
70 |
Gmelina arborea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
Gomphrena celosioides |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
72 |
Grewia flavescens |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
73 |
Grewia tiliifolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74 |
Grewia villosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
75 |
Guilandina bonduc |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
76 |
Hadina cordifolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77 |
Holarrhena pubescens |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
8 |
|
|
|
78 |
Hymenodictyon orixense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
79 |
Ipomoea aquatica |
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
80 |
Ipomoea carnea |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
81 |
Ipomoea mauritiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82 |
Ipomoea pes-tigridis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
83 |
Jatropha gossypiifolia |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
84 |
Kydia calycina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
85 |
Lannea coromandelica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86 |
Lantana camara |
3 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
6 |
|
1 |
14 |
|
|
|
87 |
Lawsonia inermis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
Lindernia crustacea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
Luffa aegyptiaca |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
Madhuca longifolia |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
91 |
Mangifera indica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
92 |
Martynia annua |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
93 |
Melochia corchorifolia |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
94 |
Mesosphaerum suaveolens |
3 |
5 |
|
|
8 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
3 |
21 |
|
|
|
95 |
Miliusa tomentosa |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
96 |
Mitragyna parvifolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97 |
Morinda pubescens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
98 |
Mucuna pruriens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
99 |
Neltuma juliflora |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
Ocimum americanum |
2 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
10 |
|
|
|
101 |
Ocimum tenuiflorum |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
102 |
Oplismenus compositus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
103 |
Oroxylum indicum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
Oryza sativa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
Ougeinia oojeinensis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
Phyllanthus emblica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
107 |
Phyllanthus niruri |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
2 |
7 |
|
|
|
108 |
Phyllanthus virgatus |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
3 |
9 |
|
|
|
109 |
Physalis minima |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
6 |
|
|
|
110 |
Plumbago zeylanica |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
6 |
|
|
|
111 |
Pongamia pinnata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
112 |
Pterocarpus marsupium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 |
Rhynchosia miima |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
Ricinus communis |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
13 |
|
|
|
115 |
Rungia pectinata |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
2 |
|
9 |
|
|
|
116 |
Schleichera oleosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
117 |
Senegalia chundra |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
118 |
Senna occidentalis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
Senna tora |
4 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
1 |
5 |
|
7 |
3 |
22 |
|
|
|
120 |
Sida acuta |
1 |
3 |
9 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
23 |
|
|
|
121 |
Sida cordifolia |
|
2 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
8 |
|
|
|
122 |
Soymida febrifuga |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
Sphaeranthus indicus |
|
|
2 |
|
5 |
|
|
3 |
1 |
|
11 |
|
|
|
124 |
Spilanthes paniculata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
Sterculia urens |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
Stereospermum chelonoide |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
127 |
Syzygium cumini |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
128 |
Tamarindus indica |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
129 |
Tectona grandis |
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
1 |
10 |
|
|
|
130 |
Tephrosia purpurea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
131 |
Terminalia anogeissiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
132 |
Terminalia arjuna |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
133 |
Terminalia bellirica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
134 |
Terminalia elliptica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
135 |
Tinospora cordifolia |
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
3 |
|
|
|
136 |
Tridax procumbens |
1 |
3 |
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
6 |
1 |
18 |
|
|
|
137 |
Triumfetta pentandra |
2 |
1 |
5 |
|
1 |
|
3 |
|
1 |
1 |
13 |
|
|
|
138 |
Urena lobata |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
139 |
Vachellia nilotica |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
140 |
Ventilago denticulata |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
141 |
Vitex negundo |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142 |
Woodfordia fruticosa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143 |
Wrightia arborea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
Wrightia tinctorial |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
145 |
Ziziphus jujuba |
2 |
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
1 |
2 |
1 |
10 |
|
|
sida acuta Burm.f.
Cocculus Hirsutus (L.) W. Theab.
Lantana camara L. Tridax procumbens L.
Ventilago denticulata Willd. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.
Acacia Senegal (L.) Willd. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Datura metel L.
Guilandina bonduc L.
Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Ipomoea carnea Jacq.
Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl.
Tectona grandis L.
Abrus precatorius L.
Sphaeranthus indicus L.
Spilanthes paniculata Wall.ex DC.
Euphorbia hirta L.
CONCLUSION
The current study contributes to the understanding of the intimate relationship that exists, either directly or indirectly, between holy trees and indigenous people. Investigating the region's plant abundance and the tribal people's reliance on it is crucial. Understanding the ecological value of these sacred forests is also helpful in preserving their vast diversity of wildlife and plants
REFERENCE
Kainisha Gamit*, Anusha Maitreya, Himanshu Pandya, Hitesh Solanki, Floristic Diversity of Kansari Mavli Sacred Grove in Songadh Forest Tapi District, Gujarat, India, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2025, 2 (9), 216-233. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17182832
10.5281/zenodo.17182832
