Sustainable Urban Landscape Design - Concept, Purpose, Maintenance and Management

The city is a major human achievement that has been studied extensively, and landscape science has emerged as a new environmental science discipline. This article uses a descriptive-analytic method to review theorists' thoughts and identify theoretical aspects of the landscape, while also presenting ideas about the city. However, the lack of absolute stabilization in landscape literature has led to different perceptions and contradictions, especially in the term "urban landscape," which has been used widely in various disciplines, necessitating the development of theoretical frameworks for urban landscapes. (Reza Keshtkaran 2019) People with a relevant professional understanding of architecture, plants, aesthetics, literature, etc. can use landscaping design as a planning approach and thought process to intentionally alter the natural environment based on classical garden philosophy. Through landscape design, the environment can guarantee ecologically sustainable development, serve daily purposes, and have aesthetic appreciation value. This study examines a multisource big data fusion-based approach to urban landscape design and maintenance management. Enhancing the variety and resources of plant landscapes, combining practical conditions, learning about the latest technologies and application forms of plant landscape maintenance both domestically and internationally, and continuously exploring and innovating plant landscape maintenance methods and related maintenance technical issues are all necessary. (Lijuan Zhu 2019) Urban garden landscapes are crucial in urban construction, as they adapt to development and meet the needs of urban residents. To achieve a poetic place, original urban landscape design must be carried out, maximizing value. Conservation-oriented societies advocate for regionality and sustainable design methods. Landscape design should aim for larger green areas and better design effects with less investment. Original ecological elements should be respected, and terrain, vegetation, and other elements should be used to achieve design purposes. Comprehensive site analysis involves analyzing natural elements, regional characteristics, and cultural landscape, providing guidance for planning and incorporating original elements into the design. (Lijuan Zhu 2022) Urban open spaces, such as parks and public breathing spaces, are crucial for a city's atmosphere and cater to the needs of communities and urbanites. The character of these spaces varies regionally and is essential for designing a town or municipality. However, there is a lack of work on preserving and improving public open spaces in small urban centers like Jeisore, where future development will impact their use and preservation. This research focuses on selected public open spaces in Jesore town, such as Pauro Park Jessore and Munshi Meherulla Moidan. (Arfanara Najnin 2009) The study aimed to improve human comfort and ecological aspects of wind effects in urban areas. It focused on the relationship between design and wind effects, focusing on Duzce city. The research used meteorological data and city maps to analyze wind effects and design approaches. The study explored how structural and vegetational elements affect wind function, highlighting outcomes that provide optimum wind conditions and comfort for people. The research aimed to improve the quality of life and contribute to urban ecology. (M.K. AK*S OZDEDE 2017)

1(a). Landscape Definition and Scope

The intricacy and meaning of the landscape have prompted academics to employ a variety of methodologies. They seek to research a holistic paradigm using a holistic methodology and to lessen the divide between subjectivity and objectivity. Depending on who is viewing or discussing it, the term "landscape" can indicate several things. They can be defined as a shared perceivable area of the Earth's surface, a geographical unit typified by certain patterns of ecosystem kinds, or a backdrop to human activity. According to the European Landscape Convention, a landscape is an area that people see as the outcome of the interplay and action of both natural and human causes. According to some scholars, national or cultural units are the primary focus of landscape analysis and comprehension. (Reza Keshtkaran 2019)

1.(b). Urban Design Definition

The intricacy and meaning of the landscape have prompted academics to employ a variety of methodologies. They seek to research a holistic paradigm using a holistic methodology and to lessen the divide between subjectivity and objectivity. Depending on who is viewing or discussing it, the term "landscape" can indicate several things. They can be defined as a shared perceivable area of the Earth's surface, a geographical unit typified by certain patterns of ecosystem kinds, or a backdrop to human activity. According to the European Landscape Convention, a landscape is an area that people see as the outcome of the interplay and action of both natural and human causes. According to some scholars, national or cultural units are the primary focus of landscape analysis and comprehension. (Ahmed S. Abd Elrahman 2020)

2.Identity concept in urban and landscape

Man-made and artificial surroundings are valuable because of the human innate urge to find his identity (Atashinbar, 2009). Relph (1976) emphasized the need for place identification in his book "Place and Placelessness" by writing: "A deep human need exists for associations with significant places." Lynch Identity is also defined as "the degree to which an individual can identify or remember a location as being different from other locations" (1981). Our perception of urban landscapes is entwined with the public identity of the city. The way of life of the people, their contacts and activities, their values and beliefs, and the city's connections to time, space, climate, economy, society, and politics are all reflected in the urban environment (B. Aminzadeh, 2015). As previously said, human behavior and the environment interact to create the complex paradigm that is the urban landscape. Thus, three aspects of society—culture, economy, and society—are impacted by this relationship (Kaymaz, 2013). Consequently, urban landscape identity and urban identity are a shared idea and have a common ancestor known as the city. Several definitions make this subscription of meanings and concepts evident. (Reza Keshtkaran 2019)

3.Opportunities for Increasing Urban Health Levels

Urban landscapes, including therapeutic ones, are crucial for modern lifestyles and health hazards. Intermittent green spaces, wide water bodies, and tree species offer health benefits. Nature-based solutions should incorporate public health and wellbeing, as unplanned development increases environmental dangers. A green city requires public green space and urban design that allows access to sizable green spaces. Smart growth concepts can promote physical activity and reduce obesity rates. (Alexandru Gavrilidis, ETAL 2023)

4.Urban Design Objective

Urban design objectives aim to create and enhance the advantages of a good city. However, achieving these objectives in practice is challenging due to social and economic conditions. Poor urban planning and design strategies, particularly in developing countries, result in inadequate policies, networks, excessive zoning, and lack of accessibility. These objectives are also variable according to context and other aspects of urban development, such as economic development, laws, racial and ethnic variations, cultural norms, and political authority. (Ahmed S. Abd Elrahman, Moureen Asaad 2020)

5. Interactive Genetic Algorithm (IGA)

Designing recreational areas involves careful consideration of principles to create safe, enjoyable, and functional spaces. Common design principles include proper zoning, accessibility for all ages and abilities, and incorporating natural elements. Adequate lighting, signage, and surveillance systems contribute to a safe environment. Safety should be prioritized by minimizing hazards and risks, using appropriate materials and equipment. Layout and landscaping should reduce hiding spots and increase visibility for security. Activities should be planned and designated for different user groups, considering children, adults, and the elderly. Design should be done with sustainability in mind, using environmentally friendly materials and energy-efficient lighting. Water conservation measures and green spaces should support local wildlife and biodiversity. (Seiki Koma 2017)

6. Opportunities and Challenges to Achieve Sustainable Urban Open Green Space

There are advantages and disadvantages to sustainable urban open green spaces. Size, facilities, public accessibility, and lively areas encircled by crowded neighbourhoods with active land uses are examples of physical characteristics. While smaller spaces can sustain outdoor activities, larger green spaces are home to many animal and plant species. In order to uncover underlying trends and the causes of residents' use or lack thereof, public accessibility is essential. Particularly for low-income, minority, and vulnerable groups residing in crowded neighbourhoods with limited recreational opportunities, access to open green spaces is crucial. By drawing pedestrians and fostering lively public areas, urban open green spaces can support social difference, cultural diversity, and safety. A balance between natural and geometrical design can be achieved, guaranteeing linkages for creatures, DNA, energy, and materials beyond limits. Ecological principles can contribute to urban open green spaces, offering aesthetic characteristics and ecological services in shrinking habitats. (Mehdi Rakhshandehroo 2016)

7.Urban Landscape Characterization

Roads, bridges, buildings, and landscaping are all abundant in urban environments. They are impacted by history, politics, the economy, and culture and have several meanings. The dispersal of different states, groupings, or jurisdictions is made possible by the shifting boundaries of metropolitan environments. Spatial mobility is produced by the mix of features and building height. Urban landscapes balance geometric and natural design as cities grow and cultural legacies are passed down. Urban open green spaces benefit from ecological principles by providing both ecological services and aesthetic qualities. (Z.Sabir 2024)