Formulation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Face Serum

In recent years, consumer preference has markedly shifted toward natural and plant-based skincare products, driven by concerns over synthetic chemicals and a growing awareness of traditional remedies. The convergence of Ayurveda and modern cosmetic science has opened avenues for formulating products that are both effective and environmentally conscious. This study explores the development of a herbal face serum utilizing turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder, amla (Emblica officinalis) powder, aloe vera extract, and rose water as its core bioactive ingredients.

Turmeric is renowned for its curcumin content, offering anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Amla, rich in Vitamin C and tannins, supports skin rejuvenation and collagen production. Aloe vera contributes to hydration and soothing, while rose water offers a mild astringent effect and a pleasant fragrance. These natural actives are supported by glycerine, a humectant that enhances skin moisture retention; gelatin, which aids in formulation viscosity and skin tightening; and preservatives like sodium benzoate and citric acid to ensure product safety and stability.

The present research aims to formulate a face serum that encapsulates these diverse benefits into a single product. This paper details the formulation process, ingredient compatibility, physicochemical properties, and potential benefits, highlighting the potential of this serum as a cost-effective, natural skincare solution in the modern cosmetic landscape. This project focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal face serum using naturally derived ingredients known for their synergistic skincare benefits. The key components—turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) and amla powder (Emblica officinalis)—are rich in antioxidants and possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and skin-brightening properties. Aloe vera gel offers deep moisturization and healing effects, while rose water serves as a soothing, toning, and mildly astringent agent. To enhance the serum's texture and stability, glycerine is incorporated as a humectant, gelatin as a natural film-forming agent, and citric acid and sodium benzoate as preservatives and pH stabilizers.

The aim of this study is to develop a stable, dermatologically safe, and effective herbal face serum that can hydrate the skin, improve texture, reduce pigmentation, and protect against oxidative stress. This formulation seeks to provide a natural alternative to synthetic serums, aligning with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable cosmetic development. The evaluation includes physicochemical testing and stability studies to ensure the product’s performance and shelf-life.

A polyherbal formulation is a therapeutic or cosmetic product composed of more than one herbal ingredient, typically derived from medicinal plants, used in combination to achieve enhanced efficacy. Unlike monoherbal preparations, which rely on a single plant extract, polyherbal systems utilize the synergistic potential of multiple herbs that work together to provide broader and more potent benefits.

This concept is deeply rooted in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani, which have long emphasized the use of multi-herb combinations to restore balance in the body and promote holistic health. Each herb in a polyherbal formula is selected based on its unique pharmacological profile and its ability to complement the actions of other ingredients.

In the context of modern cosmetic science, polyherbal formulations offer a natural, safe, and effective alternative to synthetic skincare products. When used in topical applications such as face serums, polyherbal combinations can address multiple skin concerns simultaneously—such as dryness, inflammation, pigmentation, and aging—providing a comprehensive skincare solution.

2. SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF COMBINING MULTIPLE HERBS

The most important principle behind polyherbal formulations is synergy. Synergy refers to the phenomenon where the combined effect of two or more herbs is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This happens because the various bioactive compounds in each plant may:

1. Enhance each other’s activity,
2. Improve absorption and bioavailability,
3. Offset potential side effects,
4. Act on different biochemical pathways to produce a multifaceted therapeutic outcome.

For example, in a polyherbal face serum:

1. Turmeric offers anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects,
2. Amla provides antioxidants and vitamin C to support collagen synthesis,
3. Aloe vera hydrates and soothes the skin,
4. Rose water tones and refreshes the skin.

Together, these ingredients can offer enhanced skincare benefits, such as reduced acne, improved complexion, and better skin texture, than any one of them could achieve alone.

Moreover, supporting herbs can modulate the delivery of active constituents, stabilize the formulation, and reduce the irritation or toxicity sometimes caused by concentrated single extracts.

3. BENEFITS OF USING POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS IN SKINCARE

The application of polyherbal combinations in skincare, especially in products like face serums, has several advantages:

1. Multifunctional Action

Polyherbal formulations can address multiple skin concerns at once—hydrating the skin, treating acne, reducing pigmentation, and providing antioxidant protection—all in a single product.

2. Improved Efficacy

The synergistic effect leads to faster and more pronounced results. For example, turmeric and aloe vera together may accelerate wound healing and reduce inflammation more effectively than when used alone.

3. Reduced Risk of Side Effects

Combining herbs with complementary or balancing actions can minimize potential irritation. For example, aloe vera can reduce the potential drying effect of citric acid.

4. Better Skin Tolerance

Herbal ingredients, being close to the skin’s natural composition, are often better tolerated than synthetic chemicals. Polyherbal formulas can be customized for sensitive, oily, or dry skin types.

5. Natural and Holistic Approach

Polyherbal skincare aligns with the growing consumer preference for clean, green, and cruelty-free products. It reflects a holistic philosophy that not only treats symptoms but supports the skin’s overall health and balance.

6. Potential for Innovation

Formulators can explore an almost endless variety of combinations, making polyherbal products a fertile ground for innovation and personalized skincare solutions.

Skin Structure and Using Polyherbal Face Serum According to Skin type

Structure of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, functioning as a protective barrier and playing a critical role in thermoregulation, sensory perception, and immune defence. It is composed of three primary layers:

Fig. 1.2 Serum according to skin type

Application Guidelines

To ensure optimal results from a polyherbal serum:

• • Cleanse the face thoroughly before application.
  • Apply 2–3 drops of serum to the fingertips and gently massage onto the skin in upward circular motions.
  • Allow absorption for 2–5 minutes before applying moisturizer or sunscreen.
  • Use consistently for several weeks to notice visible improvements.

BENEFITS OF FACE SERUM

Brighten skin tone:

Turmeric has curcumin, which helps fade dark spots and evens out complexion, while amla (Indian gooseberry) is rich in Vitamin C, boosting overall skin radiance.

Fights acne and inflammation:

Turmeric is anti-inflammatory and antibacterial, so it calms redness, pimples, and irritation. Amla also soothes and helps heal acne faster.

Strong antioxidant protection:

Both turmeric and amla are loaded with antioxidants, which protect your skin from damage caused by pollution, sun, and stress.

Reduces signs of aging:

Amla boosts collagen production (thanks to its high Vitamin C content), helping to firm up the skin and reduce fine lines. Turmeric’s antioxidants help keep skin looking youthful.

Natural glow:

Regular use can give your skin that “lit from within” healthy glow — not oily, but fresh and vibrant.

Detoxifies and purifies:

These ingredients help cleanse pores and keep skin clear and smooth over time

TYPES OF FACE SERUM

1. Hydrating Serums

Hydrating serums are primarily designed to replenish and retain moisture in the skin. These serums contain humectants—substances that draw water into the skin—such as hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and panthenol.

Key Ingredients:

• • Hyaluronic acid
  • Glycerin
  • Aloe vera
  • Sodium PCA

Benefits:

• • Improve skin elasticity
  • Alleviate dryness and flakiness
  • Provide a plump, dewy appearance
  • Strengthen the skin barrier

Ideal For:

1. • Dry, dehydrated skin
   • Sensitive skin
   • Use during winter or in dry climates
2. Brightening Serums

Brightening serums are formulated to reduce dullness, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone. These serums contain antioxidants and exfoliating agents that inhibit melanin production and promote cell renewal.

Key Ingredients:

• • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
  • Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
  • Alpha arbutin
  • Licorice extract
  • Amla (Emblica officinalis)

Benefits:

• • Fades dark spots and pigmentation
  • Boosts skin radiance
  • Neutralizes free radicals
  • Promotes even skin tone

Ideal For:

2. • Dull and uneven skin
   • Hyperpigmentation and sun damage
   • Post-acne marks
3. Anti-Aging Serums

Anti-aging serums are aimed at reducing visible signs of skin aging such as wrinkles, fine lines, and sagging. These formulations often include peptides, retinoids, and antioxidants to stimulate collagen synthesis and promote cell regeneration.

Key Ingredients:

• • Retinol (Vitamin A)
  • Peptides
  • Coenzyme Q10
  • Vitamin E
  • Green tea extract

Benefits:

• • Minimizes wrinkles and fine lines
  • Improves firmness and elasticity
  • Boosts collagen production
  • Provides antioxidant protection

Ideal For:

3. • Mature skin
   • Premature aging due to sun exposure or pollution
4. Acne-Fighting Serums

These serums are designed for oily and acne-prone skin and contain antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents that prevent and reduce breakouts.

Key Ingredients:

• • Salicylic acid
  • Tea tree oil
  • Niacinamide
  • Zinc
  • Turmeric

Benefits:

• • Unclogs pores
  • Reduces inflammation and redness
  • Controls sebum production
  • Prevents future breakouts

Ideal For:

4. • Oily skin
   • Acne-prone or sensitive skin
   • Teenagers and young adults
5. Exfoliating Serums

Exfoliating serums remove dead skin cells from the surface and promote the growth of new skin cells. They often contain alpha and beta hydroxy acids (AHAs and BHAs).

Key Ingredients:

• • Glycolic acid
  • Lactic acid
  • Citric acid
  • Salicylic acid

Benefits:

• • Smoothens skin texture
  • Reduces clogged pore
  • Enhances product absorption
  • Improves skin tone

Ideal For:

5. • Rough, textured skin
   • Enlarged pores
   • Hyperpigmentation and acne scars
6. Antioxidant Serums

These serums protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by environmental factors like UV radiation and pollution. They are rich in ingredients that neutralize free radicals.

Key Ingredients:

• • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin E
  • Ferulic acid
  • Green tea extract
  • Resveratrol

Benefits:

• • Prevent premature aging
  • Protect skin from environmental damage
  • Brighten and refresh complexion

Ideal For:

6. • Urban environments
   • Daily preventive skincare
7. Soothing and Repair Serums

These are formulated to calm irritation, reduce redness, and support skin healing. They are especially useful for sensitive or post-procedure skin.

Key Ingredients:

• • Aloe vera
  • Chamomile extract
  • Centella asiatica
  • Allantoin
  • Calendula

Benefits:

• • Reduces inflammation
  • Accelerates healing
  • Strengthens skin barrier
  • Soothes redness and discomfort

Ideal For:

• • Sensitive, irritated skin

ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL FACE SERUM

1. Natural Ingredients with Fewer Side Effects

Herbal serums are made from plant-based extracts, making them gentler on the skin compared to synthetic products. They are less likely to cause irritation, allergic reactions, or long-term damage.

2. Rich in Antioxidants

Ingredients like turmeric, amla, and aloe vera are loaded with antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals. This reduces signs of aging such as wrinkles, fine lines, and dullness.

3. Improves Skin Texture and Tone

Polyherbal serums can reduce pigmentation, lighten blemishes, and even out skin tone naturally, giving a brighter and more radiant complexion.

4. Hydrating and Moisturizing

Ingredients like glycerin, aloe vera, and rose water are powerful humectants. They help retain skin moisture, making the skin soft, supple, and hydrated without clogging pores.

5. Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing

Herbs like turmeric and aloe vera possess anti-inflammatory properties that calm irritated skin, reduce redness, and treat acne-prone or sensitive skin.

6. Safe for All Skin Types

Since herbal serums do not contain harsh chemicals, sulfates, or parabens, they are generally safe for dry, oily, sensitive, or combination skin types.

7. Supports Skin Healing

Herbal ingredients often have antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. They help reduce acne scars, heal small cuts, and improve overall skin regeneration.

8. Environmentally Friendly

Herbal serums are usually biodegradable, and their production has a smaller environmental footprint compared to synthetic alternatives.

9. Multifunctional Benefits

A single herbal serum can provide multiple skincare benefits—moisturizing, brightening, anti-aging, and acne control—making it a cost-effective and simplified skincare choice.

10. Boosts Collagen Production

Ingredients like amla are rich in Vitamin C, which promotes collagen synthesis, improving skin firmness and elasticity.

DISADVANTAGES OF HERBAL FACE SERUM

1. Potential for Allergic Reactions

Even though herbal serums are natural, they can still cause skin allergies or irritations in some people, especially those with sensitive skin or pollen-related allergies.

2. Shorter Shelf Life

Natural ingredients tend to decompose more quickly than synthetic ones, especially if not preserved properly. This can lead to a reduced shelf life and the need for refrigeration or the use of mild preservatives like sodium benzoate.

3. Variation in Potency

Herbal extracts may vary in strength depending on factors like seasonal harvests, extraction methods, and storage conditions, which can result in inconsistent product effectiveness.

4. Slower Results

Unlike chemical-based serums that may produce instant or faster results, herbal serums work gradually and require longer periods of consistent use to show visible effects.

PLANT PROFILE

1. Turmeric

Fig.6.1 Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Botanical Name: Curcuma longa Family: Zingiberaceae

Common Names: Turmeric, Haldi (Hindi), Haridra (Sanskrit), Curcuma Part Used: Rhizome

Habitat: Native to South Asia; widely cultivated in India, China, Indonesia, and other tropical regions.

Botanical Description:

Turmeric is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to 1 meter in height. It has broad, oblong leaves and yellowish-white flowers arranged in spikes. The rhizomes, which grow underground, are the most important part of the plant for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. They are cylindrical, aromatic, and have a bright yellow to orange interior due to the presence of curcumin.

Phytochemical Constituents:

• Curcuminoids (Curcumin, DMC, BDMC) – responsible for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and colorant properties.
• Essential oils (Turmerone, Zingiberene, Atlanone) – possess antimicrobial and aromatic properties.
• Proteins, resins, starch, and sugars.

Pharmacological Activities:

• Antioxidant: Curcumin neutralizes free radicals and prevents oxidative stress.
• Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators.
• Antimicrobial: Effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi.
• Wound healing: Promotes tissue regeneration and healing of cuts and scars.
• Skin brightening: Reduces hyperpigmentation and improves skin tone.
• Anti-aging: Protects skin cells from damage, reducing wrinkles and fine lines.

Cosmetic Applications:

• Used in face masks, creams, and serums for brightening and blemish reduction.
• Helps in treating acne, dark spots, and uneven skin tone.
• Acts as a natural colorant in herbal cosmetic formulations.

2. Amla

Fig. 6.2 (Emblica officinalis)

Amla (Emblica officinalis)

Botanical Name: Emblica officinalis (syn. Phyllanthus Emblica) Family: Phyllanthaceae

Common Names: Amla, Indian Gooseberry, Amalaki (Sanskrit)

Part Used: Fruit (dried or fresh), commonly processed into powder form Habitat: Native to India; also found in Sri Lanka, China, and Southeast Asia.

Botanical Description:

Amla is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree that grows up to 8–18 meters in height. It has feathery, light green leaves and greenish-yellow flowers. The fruit is round, smooth, and light green to yellow in colour, with six vertical stripes. It has a sour, astringent taste and is highly valued in Ayurvedic medicine.

Phytochemical Constituents:

• Vitamin C (AA) – present in high amounts, highly stable and potent antioxidant
• TAN (Emblicanin A and B, pedunculagin)
• Flavonoids (Kaempferol, quercetin)
• Phenolic compounds –GA, ellagic acid
• Alkaloids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals

Pharmacological Activities:

• Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals, delays aging, and prevents oxidative skin damage
• Anti-inflammatory: Reduces skin inflammation and redness
• Antimicrobial: Inhibits growth of acne-causing bacteria
• Skin brightening: Helps reduce pigmentation and uneven skin tone
• Astringent: Tightens skin and reduces pore size
• Rejuvenating: Promotes skin regeneration and collagen production

Cosmetic Applications:

• Widely used in herbal face packs, serums, and hair care products
• Helps lighten dark spots and brighten complexion
• Reduces signs of aging such as wrinkles and fine lines
• Used in formulations targeting acne and dull skin.

3. Aloe vera

Fig.6.3 Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis miller)

Botanical Name: Aloe barbadensis miller (ABM) Family: Asphodelaceae (formerly Liliaceae)

Common Names: Aloe vera, Ghritkumari (Hindi), Kumari (Sanskrit), Burn plant

Part Used: Leaf gel (inner parenchymatous tissue)

Habitat: Native to North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, including India.

Botanical Description:

Aloe vera is a succulent, perennial plant with thick, fleshy, green leaves arranged in a rosette pattern. The leaves contain a clear, mucilaginous gel in the inner tissue and a yellow latex just beneath the skin. The gel is widely used for its soothing and healing properties in both cosmetic and medicinal formulations.

Phytochemical Constituents:

• Polysaccharides: GLU – responsible for moisturizing and wound healing
• Glycoproteins: Help reduce inflammation and promote skin repair
• Vitamins: A, C, E (antioxidants), B-complex, and folic acid
• Enzymes: Brady kinase, amylase, lipase – reduce inflammation and help in tissue breakdown
• Minerals: Calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium
• Anthraquinones: Aloin, emodin (in outer leaf latex – used with caution)
• Amino acids: Including 7 of the 8 essential amino acids

Pharmacological Activities:

• Moisturizing: Hydrates the skin and prevents dryness
• Anti-inflammatory: Reduces redness, swelling, and irritation
• Wound healing: Accelerates cell regeneration and collagen synthesis
• Antioxidant: Protects skin cells from oxidative damage
• Antimicrobial: Exhibits mild antibacterial and antifungal properties
• Cooling and soothing: Relieves sunburns, itching, and rashes

Cosmetic Applications:

• Commonly used in face serums, creams, gels, masks, and after-sun products
• Helps calm irritated or inflamed skin and treats acne and blemishes
• Enhances skin elasticity and slows the appearance of aging
• Acts as a natural base in herbal formulations for better ingredient absorption

4. Rose Water

Fig. 6.4 Rose Water ( Hair Buddha)

Key Properties:

• • Natural Toner: Tightens pores and cleanses skin gently.
  • Anti-inflammatory: Soothes irritated and sensitive skin.
  • Fragrant: Imparts a pleasant, natural aroma.

Role in Skincare:

4. • Balances Skin pH: Helps maintain the skin's natural acid mantle.
   • Refreshes and Hydrates: Used for a refreshing mist or a base in serums for added hydration.
5. Glycerin

Fig. 6.5 Glycerine (Purish)

Key Properties:

• • Humectant: Attracts water from the environment and deeper layers of the skin.
  • Non-irritating and Non-comedogenic: Suitable for sensitive and acne-prone skin.

Role in Skincare:

5. • Hydration Booster: Keeps skin soft, supple, and plump.
   • Improves Barrier Function: Strengthens the skin’s natural protective layer.
6. Gelatin

Key Properties:

• • Film-forming Agent: Creates a thin layer on the skin which helps in tightening.
  • Protein-rich: Derived from collagen, helping in improving skin texture.

Role in Skincare:

6. • Tightening and Firming: Gives a temporary lifting effect, useful in anti-aging products.
   • Thickener: Provides structure and stability to gel-based formulations.
7. Citric Acid

Key Properties:

• • Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA): Promotes exfoliation of dead skin cells.
  • Natural pH Adjuster: Maintains ideal pH for skin-friendly formulations.

Role in Skincare:

7. • Brightens Skin: Removes dead cells and reveals fresher skin beneath.
   • Exfoliates Gently: Improves skin tone and texture over time.
8. Sodium Benzoate Key Properties:
   • Antimicrobial Preservative: Inhibits growth of yeast, mold, and bacteria.
   • Widely Accepted: Commonly used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.

Role in Skincare:

6. • Extends Shelf Life: Ensures safety and effectiveness of the serum over time.Maintains Product Integrity: Prevents microbial contamination in water-based formulations.
7. MATERIAL AND METHOD

5. INGREDIENTS

ingredients and Quantities for 100ml Face Serum

1. 1. Ingredients and their quantity

COLLECTION AND PREPARATION

1. Choose organic or sustainably sourced turmeric: Ensure the turmeric is free of pesticides and other contaminants.
2. Select high-curcumin content turmeric: Opt for turmeric with a high curcumin content (typically 2-5%) for maximum benefits.

Fig.7.1 Collection of Turmeric powder

2. Amla powder: Collect dried amla powder or create your own by drying and grinding amla fruits.
3. Amla extract: Obtain amla extract through solvent extraction or other methods.

Fig.7.2 Collection of Amla powder (Pure Indian Foods)

1. Fresh aloe vera leaves: Harvest fresh aloe vera leaves and extract the gel for use in face serum formulations.
2. Aloe vera gel: Obtain aloe vera gel through manual extraction or commercial sourcing.
3. Aloe vera extract: Obtain aloe vera extract through solvent extraction or other method

Fig.7.3 Collection of Aloe vera gel (iStock)

1. Weigh turmeric powder: Accurately weigh the desired amount of turmeric powder.
2. Mix with ethanol: Gradually add ethanol to the turmeric powder in the container, stirring constantly to prevent lumps.
3. Stir and sonicate: Continue stirring and sonicate the mixture for 10-15 minutes to facilitate dissolution.
4. Filter: Filter the solution through a coffee filter or cheesecloth to remove any undissolved particles.
5. Concentrate (optional): If desired, concentrate the solution by evaporating some of the ethanol under reduced pressure or using a rotary evaporator.

FORMULATION OF FACE SERUM

1. Mix turmeric and amla powders with aloe vera gel in a bowl.
2. Add glycerin and rose water to the mixture.
3. Dissolve gelatin in warm water and add to the mixture.
4. Add citric acid and sodium benzoate, mix well.
5. Stir until the mixture is smooth and well combined.

Fig.7.4 Formulation Of Face serum

DEVELOPMENT TRIALS

Trial No.1 :

1. Texture of serum is not smooth.
2. It was to thick to pour.

Trial No.2 :

1. It was to sticky difficult to absorb.
2. The amount of Glycerin used was insufficient.

Trial No.3:

1. viscosity of the serum is appropriate.
2. texture is smooth and gel like.
3. It easily absorb into the skin.

EVALUATION TEST

The prepared face serum was evaluated for various parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, stability, patch test and was found to be satisfactory.

Organoleptic properties include:

✔Colour

✔Smell

✔Texture

✔Consistency

Physical Test

1. pH Test

Purpose:

To determine whether the serum's pH is compatible with the skin’s natural pH (typically 4.5–5.5). A proper pH ensures the serum will not cause irritation or disrupt the skin’s acid mantle.

Procedure:

1. • Calibrate a digital pH meter using standard buffer solutions (pH 4.0 and 7.0).
   • Take a small quantity of the serum (approx. 5 mL) and dilute it slightly with distilled water if needed.
   • Dip the electrode of the pH meter into the sample.
   • Record the pH reading.
2. Viscosity Test Purpose:

To assess the serum’s flow behaviour and texture, which influences spreadability, absorption, and user experience. The viscosity also affects the product’s packaging and dispensing.

Procedure:

2. • Use a Brookfield viscometer or a rotational viscometer.
   • Place a sufficient amount of serum in the sample holder.
   • Immerse the spindle in the serum and record the viscosity at a set rotation speed (e.g., 20 rpm).
   • Take readings at room temperature (~25°C).
3. Stability Test: Evaluate the serum's stability under various conditions (temperature, light, etc.).

Safety and Efficacy Tests:

1. Skin IrritationTest Purpose:

To assess whether the face serum causes any irritation, redness, inflammation, or allergic reaction when applied to the skin. This is critical to ensure the safety of the product for human use.

Procedure:

1. • Select healthy human volunteers (commonly 10–20 individuals) with no known allergies.
   • Clean a small area on the forearm or behind the ear with alcohol or distilled water.
   • Apply a small amount (approx. 0.5 mL) of the serum to the site.
   • Cover the area with a sterile patch (if needed) and observe for 24–48 hours.
   • Remove the patch and assess for any signs of:
     • Redness (erythema)
     • Swelling (edema)
2. PatchTest Purpose:

To detect any hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to the face serum before full-face application, especially useful for sensitive individuals.

Procedure:

• • Clean a small area of skin on the inner forearm or behind the ear.
  • Apply a small amount (pea-sized) of the serum to the area.
  • Leave it undisturbed for 24 hours (without washing).

EVALUATION PARAMETER

1. 2. Evaluation Parameter