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Abstract

Maladaptive Daydreaming (MD) is a psychological phenomenon characterized by excessive, immersive fantasy activity that interferes with daily functioning. This paper explores MD as an "internal theatre," where individuals construct elaborate narratives that provide temporary relief but ultimately disrupt concentration, productivity, and emotional regulation. Using qualitative and literature based methods, the study highlights the cognitive mechanisms, behavioural patterns, and psychosocial consequences of MD. Findings suggest that Maladaptive Daydreaming is distinct from normative imagination, requiring recognition as a clinical concern.

Keywords

Maladaptive Daydreaming, Internal theatre, Fantasy, Cognitive psychology, Behavioural patterns, Stress regulation.

Introduction

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Daydreaming is a universal cognitive process, often serving adaptive functions such as creativity, problem solving, and emotional regulation. However, maladaptive daydreaming (MD), first conceptualized by Eli Somer (2002), represents a pathological variant. MD involves prolonged, vivid, and compulsive fantasy immersion, often triggered by music, media, or stress. Unlike ordinary imagination, MD disrupts academic performance, social relationships, and mental health. 

This paper frames MD as an "internal theatre," where individuals act as both playwright and audience, trapped in cycles of narrative construction. 

 

Fig.2. Research Design 

LITERATURE REVIEW:

peer- reviewed articles, case studies, and psychological assessments on MD. 

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:

thematic synthesis of reported experiences from MD communities and clinical observations. 

COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK:

differentiation between adaptive daydreaming and maladaptive patterns.

RESULTS: 

  • Cognitive Findings: MD is associated with heightened imaginative capacity, dissociative tendencies, and compulsive narrative elaboration. 
  • Behavioural Findings: Individuals report difficulty disengaging from fantasies, leading to procrastination and social withdrawal. • Psychosocial Impact: MD correlates with anxiety, depression, and impaired academic/ work performance. 
  • Distinctiveness: MD differs from ADHD and OCD, though overlapping symptoms exist.

Fig.3. Bar Chart

DISCUSSION:

The metaphor of the "internal theatre" captures the immersive and performative nature of MD. While adaptative daydreaming fosters creativity, MD hijacks attentional resources, creating a paradox: individuals gain temporary emotional relief but suffer long term dysfunction. The compulsive quality suggests links to behavioural addictions, while the dissociative aspects align with trauma related coping mechanisms. 

Recognition of MD as a distinct clinical entity is crucial for developing interventions. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and structured routines show promise in reducing maladaptive patterns. 

CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE INTERNAL THEATRE CYCLE 

Fig.4. Internal Theatre Cycle

CONCLUSION

Maladaptive daydreaming is more than excessive imagination it is a disruptive psychological condition that transforms the mind into an " internal theatre," understanding it's mechanisms and impacts is essential for clinical recognition and treatment. Future research should focus on standardized diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches, and the neurocognitive basis of MD. 

REFERENCES

  1. Omer, E (2002). Maladaptive Daydreaming: A Qualitative Inquiry. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 32(2), 197-212.
  2. Bigelsen, J., & Schupak, C. (2011). Compulsive Fantasy: Proposed Criteria for Maladaptive
  3. Daydreaming. Psychology of Consciousness, 1 8 (3), 35-45.
  4. Somer. E, Soffer- Dudek, N., & Ross, C.A. (2017). The Phenomenology of Maladaptive Daydreaming. Consciousness and cognition, 1 8(1), 290-292. iv. Schupak, C., & Rosenthal, J. (2009). Excessive Daydreaming: A Case History and Discussion of Mind Wandering. Consciousness and cognition, 1 8(1 ), 290-292.
  5. Soffer Dudek, N., & Somer, E. (2018). Trapped in a Daydream: Daily Elevations in Maladaptive Daydreaming are associated with increased dissociation and reduced sleep quality. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 194

Reference

  1. Omer, E (2002). Maladaptive Daydreaming: A Qualitative Inquiry. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 32(2), 197-212.
  2. Bigelsen, J., & Schupak, C. (2011). Compulsive Fantasy: Proposed Criteria for Maladaptive
  3. Daydreaming. Psychology of Consciousness, 1 8 (3), 35-45.
  4. Somer. E, Soffer- Dudek, N., & Ross, C.A. (2017). The Phenomenology of Maladaptive Daydreaming. Consciousness and cognition, 1 8(1), 290-292. iv. Schupak, C., & Rosenthal, J. (2009). Excessive Daydreaming: A Case History and Discussion of Mind Wandering. Consciousness and cognition, 1 8(1 ), 290-292.
  5. Soffer Dudek, N., & Somer, E. (2018). Trapped in a Daydream: Daily Elevations in Maladaptive Daydreaming are associated with increased dissociation and reduced sleep quality. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 194.

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Aaimah Hafiz
Corresponding author

Soibugh, Budgam

Aaimah Hafiz*, The Internal Theatre, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2026, 3 (6), 1142-1144. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20772034

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