A Review on the Role of the Herbal Ingredients Used in Hair Oil

Hair plays an important role in humanlife 13 Cosmetics are materials used to improve the human body's look or smell. Skin-care creams, lotions, powders, perfumes, lipsticks, eye and facial makeup, permanent waves, colored contact lenses, hair colors, hair sprays and gels, deodorants, baby products, bath oils, bubble baths, bath salts, butters, and many other products are all considered cosmetics. "Make-up," a subset of cosmetics, mostly refers to colored materials meant to change the user's appearance. Numerous producers make a distinction between care and ornamental cosmetics1. The ancient method in India involves making hair oils and combining them with other medications that promote hair growth. Given that Indian women are recognized for having long, lustrous, and healthy hair, it is not unexpected that hair care plays a significant role in their self-care practices. Oiling the hair and scalp is crucial for maintaining healthy hair and preventing hair loss, according to the Charaka Samhitha, the authoritative work on Ayurvedic medicine. It was advised to oil your hair every day with the right herbs to suit other constituents. This technique should continue until mode2. Herbal hair oil treats dry scalp and hair issues in addition to hydrating the scalp. It promotes healthy hair development and provides vital nutrients required for sebaceous glands to operate normally. Rich flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, vitamins, proteins, minerals, ricinolein acid, and other advantageous substances are among the plant extracts utilized in the oil. These components offer many advantages for hair health and encourage hair development8 A variety of oils, including castor, almond, coconut, and onion oils, are combined with suitable herbal remedies and administered topically to the scalp. Coconut oil is the most worthy oil basis of all since it permeates into hair strands more efficiently and is more affordable than other oils. Coconut oil combined with herbal remedies is the suggested approach for the best hair growth9.

Hair

One of the distinguishing traits of mammals is their hair, which serves a number of purposes, including defense against environmental elements like heat and cold. Along with the sebaceous gland and sweat gland, hair is regarded as an essential component of the body and an accessory structure of the integument. In humans, whose bodies might be shaved or permanently depilated without any negative physiological effects, hair serves no essential purpose at all. However, the psychological effects of hair appear to be nearly infinite. One important aspect of the human body used for social and sexual presentation is scalp hair:For men, a conventional emblem of masculinity; for women, the pinnacle of respectable femininity. If a woman's lack of scalp hair is a tragedy, having more facial or body hair than what is considered normal in her community can be nearly as upsetting. For such a woman, learning that she has idiopathic hirsutism is hardly consoling! Therefore, hair cannot be disregarded by science. However, how can the intricate and seemingly unsolvable issues of hair development be resolved? Is it feasible to draw any insightful conclusions about human hair follicles from studies done on animal models? The comparative zoologist, much alone the biochemist who may have a less nuanced understanding of natural selection, would be completely misled by the evolutionary history of hair. For instance, how frequently do we hear about a substance being tested on guinea pig hair growth as though the results were somehow connected to the treatment of human-pattern alopecia? The problem stems from the hair follicle's multipurpose role. We don't know where or how hairs first appeared in the evolutionary process, or what their original function was As Maderson perhaps3.

• Hair Oil

Are hair care products used to cure hair conditions like baldness, hair aggressiveness, hair discoloration, hair loss, and dryness? Herbal extracts are mixed with an oil basis to create herbal hair oils. Sphaeranthus indicus, Wrightia tinctoria, Eclipta alba, and Hibiscus rosa sinensis extractions were used in our study to create herbal hair oils in various ratios and concentrations. The antidandruff, hair growth initiation, and protection properties of each prepared hair oil are assessed separately. Since no hair oil had been made with these herbs, Sphaeranthus indicus, Wrightia tinctoria, Eclipta alba, and Hibiscus rosa sinensis were chosen for the creation of poly-herbal hair oil based on a comprehensive review of the literature4. Hair oil is a component of hair care products. Hair care products are defined as formulations designed to wash, modify, nourish, and maintain the appearance of healthy hair10. Hair oils are hair care treatments used to treat dry hair, balding, graying hair, and hair loss. They also help to nourish the hair11. Herbal cosmetics are in high demand because people are becoming more interested in them, their ingredients are easily accessible, and they are more effective than their synthetic rivals12.

• Hair types

The hair follicle determines the hair's curl pattern, which is the main determinant of hair type. Hair type is mostly determined by genetics. The technique that categorizes hair into one of four curl patterns was developed by Andre Walker, Oprah Winfrey's stylist for decades

• Type 1: Straight.
• Type 2: Wavy.
• Type 3: Curly.
• Type 4: Coily.

HISTORY:

Ayurveda, a well-known medical school that provides holistic treatments, is where hair oiling originated. It began about 5,000 years ago and is still beneficial to the body, mind, and soul. When you massage oil into your hair, you do not simply strengthen your tresses, but also indulge in self-care Many cultures have included hair oiling in their hair care regimens. Hair oiling is one of the wellness techniques used in the centuries-old Indian science of Ayurveda, which dates all the way back to Ancient India.

5. Common hair diseases:

1 Natural diseases of hair growth

2 Acquired diseases of hair growth

3 Dandruff

4 Split Ends.

5 Frizzy Hair

6 Short Crown

5. Different types of herbal hair oil available in market.

• Amla hair oil.
• Coconut hair oil.
• Bhringraj hair oil
• Jasmine hair oil
• Brahmi hair oil
• Cantharidine hair oil5.

DRUG PROFILE:

1 Coconut oil

Family- Aceraceae.

Scientific name- Cocos nucifera L. Parts used- kernel oil.

Geographical location: Southern India.

Active constituents- Fatty acid, capric acid, lauric acid.

Uses-Used as vehicle, promotes hair growth and moistures the hair follicles

Fig 1: coconut oil

2 Till oil:

Family- Pedaliaceae. Scientific name- S. indicum. Parts used- Seeds oil.

Geographical location- Middle east states of India

Active constituents- Ses amin, palmitic acid and Linoleic acid.

Uses- Used as vehicle, Makes hair smoother and good for dry hair and scalp

Fig 2: Til oil

3 Castor oil:

Family- Euphorbiaceae.

Scientific name- Ricinus commumis L. Parts used- Seeds oil.

Geographical location- Gujarat in western India.

Active constituents-Phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoid.

Uses- Lubricate the hair shaft, increases flexibility and also treats Dandruff.

Fig 3: Caster oil

4 Almond oil:

Family- Rosaceae.

Scientific name- Prunus dulcis.

Parts used- Dried kernels of almond tree. Geographical location- Northern India.

active constituents- Palmitic acid, linolic acid, oleic acid.

Uses- Strengthen the hair, protect the hair from sunlight, use as scalp treatment.

Fig 4: Almond Oil

5 Curry leaves:

Family- Rutaceae.

Scientific name- Murraya koenigii. Parts used- Leaves.

Geographical location: Subtropical and tropical regions through the Asia.

Active constituents- Bismahanine, murrayanine, murrayazolino

Uses- Promotes hair growth and strengths hair roots.

Fig 5: Curry leaves oil

6 Methi seeds /Fenugreek:

Family- Fabaceae.

Scientific name- Trigonella foenum-graecum. Parts used- Seeds.

Geographical location: Maharashtra.

Active constituents- Trimethylamine, Trigonelline, Quercetin.

Uses- Reduce dandruff, promotes hair growth and shows anti-fungal activity.

Fig 6: Methi seeds /Fenugreek

7 Jasmine oil:

Family- Oleaceae.

Scientific name- Jasminum officinale. Parts used- Oil of jasmine oil.

Geographical location- Tamil Nadu.

Active constituents-Benzyl acetate, Linalool Benzyl alcohol.

Uses-Flavoringagent.

Fig 7: Jasmin

8 Betel Leaves:

Family- Piperaceae

Scientific name- Piper betle. L. Parts used- Leaves.

Geographical location- Assam, Andhra Pradesh,Bihar, Gujarat, Odisha, Karnataka, Rajasthan, West Bengal.

Active constituents- Alecoline, Vitamin C, Thiamine, Niacine, Riboflavin.

Uses- For quick hair growth, treats dandruff and split ends6.

Fig 8: Betel leaves

5. Benefits of Hair Oil.

• It gives natural beauty to the hair. Vegetable oil contains vitamins and minerals nutrients that act as.
• hair nourishment.
• Hair oil helps prevent hair loss and reduces frizz. The ends of the hair need special care, and vegetable.
• oil pampers them throughout the diet.
• Regular use of hair oils and hair oils cures the problem of premature grey hair
• Keeps scalp moist.
• Improves hair growth ? Prevents dandruff ? Gives shine.
• To relieve stress.
• For longer and stronger hair ? preservation of hair color ? maintaining hair health.

5. Ideal Characteristics of Hair Oil.

• Nourishing.
• Moisturising.
• Antioxidants properties.
• Protect fromdamage7.

5. Requirements of a herbal hair oil.

• It must be fluently removed on irrigating with water.
• It needs to go away the hair-dry, tender, and lustrous with precise manageability and minimum fly down.
• It must impart a pleasant smell to the hair.
• It should not beget any side effects to the skin or eye7.

Table 1 Commonly used ingredients in formulation of herbal hair oil