Neem Oil Nanoemulsion

Reference

1. Biswas, K., Chattopadhyay, I., Banerjee, R.K., & Bandyopadhyay, U. (2002). Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Current Science, 82(11), 1336–1345.

→ Comprehensive review on neem’s pharmacological properties and traditional uses.

2. Schmutterer, H. (1995). The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry, and Other Purposes. VCH Publishers, Germany.

→ Classic reference on neem’s botanical characteristics and pesticidal activity.

3. Subapriya, R., & Nagini, S. (2005). Medicinal properties of neem leaves: A review. Current Medicinal Chemistry – Anti-Cancer Agents, 5(2), 149–156.

→ Details on bioactive compounds (azadirachtin, nimbin, salannin) and their pharmacological roles.

4. Koul, O., Isman, M.B., & Ketkar, C.M. (1990). Properties and uses of neem, Azadirachta indica. Canadian Journal of Botany, 68(1), 1–11.

→ Describes neem phytochemistry and insecticidal mechanisms.

5. Boeke, S.J., Boersma, M.G., Alink, G.M., van Loon, J.J.A., van Huis, A., & Dicke, M. (2004). Safety evaluation of neem-derived pesticides. Pest Management Science, 60(8), 767–771.

→ Discusses neem oil composition, applications, and toxicology.

6. Ghosh, V., Mukherjee, A., & Chandrasekaran, N. (2013). Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil nanoemulsion: a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Pest Management Science, 69(8), 1017–1023.

→ Reports enhanced larvicidal activity of neem oil nanoemulsion compared to bulk oil.

7. Solans, C., Izquierdo, P., Nolla, J., Azemar, N., & Garcia-Celma, M.J. (2005). Nanoemulsions. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 10(3–4), 102–110.

→ Fundamental reference on nanoemulsion principles and droplet size range (20–200 nm).

8. Kumar, A., et al. (2021). Formulation and evaluation of neem oil-based nanoemulsion for enhanced antimicrobial and larvicidal efficacy. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 63, 102512.

→ Confirms improved stability and biological efficiency of neem oil in nanoemulsion form.

9. Sujarwo, W., Keim, A.P., Caneva, G., Toniolo, C., & Nicoletti, M. (2016). Ethnobotanical uses of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.; Meliaceae) in Bali (Indonesia): the tree of 100 uses. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 12(1), 12.

→ Covers traditional medicinal and cultural uses of neem.

10. Okoh, S.O., Asekun, O.T., Familoni, O.B., & Afolayan, A.J. (2016). Composition and antioxidant activities of leaf and seed essential oils of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(3), 441.
11. Ghosh V., Mukherjee A., & Chandrasekaran N. (2013). Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil nanoemulsion: a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Pest Management Science, 69(8), 1017-1023. 
12. Rinaldi F., et al. (2022). Neem oil nanoemulsions: characterisation and antioxidant activity. Nanomaterials, 10(8), 1608. 
13. Choupanian M. M. C., Omar D., Basri M., & Asib N. (2017). Preparation and characterization of neem oil nanoemulsion formulations against Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum adults. Journal of Pesticide Science, 42(4). 
14. “Neem oil and its nanoemulsion in sustainable food preservation and packaging” (2022). 
15. Khan, I., et al. (2025). Optimizing formulation, assessing stability, and enhancing wettability of neem oil nanoemulsion for pesticide application. RSC Advances. 
16. “Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests” (2023). PMC. 
17. Deeksha K., Pavya, & Sowmya Hari (2019). Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial effect of Neem Oil Nanoemulsion. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(9).  RJPT
18. Fatehia Nasser Gharsan, et al. (2024). Evaluation of toxicity of neem essential oil and its nano-emulsion on Oryzaephilus surinamensis adults. North Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. north-journal-of-basic-and-applied-sciences.nbu.edu.sa
19. “Characterisation and microbial activity of neem oil nano-emulsions stabilized by Brij 30” (2023). IJCT.  or.niscpr.res.in
20. BiomedRes (2022). Toxicity Evaluation of Two Neem Oil Nano-Formulations Using Mice.  Biomedres
21. Ajayi O.E., et al. (2019). Potential Application of Nanoemulsion in Agriculture: A Current Perspective. ResearchGate. ResearchGate
22. Agriscigroup (2025). Effect of Neem Oil-based Nano-emulsion Application on Nematodes. IJASFT. agriscigroup.us
23. “Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) nanoemulsion — a potent larvicidal agent” (2011). PubMed. PubMed
24. De Souza Gomes V.E., et al. (2025). Neem oil emulsions stabilized by natural and synthetic emulsifiers: physical stability and antifungal activity. ScienceDirect. 
25. “Antimicrobial Activity of Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Coated with Neem & Lavender Oil Nanoemulsions” (2024). MDPI Membranes. MDPI
26. Jerobin J., et al. (2015). Antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment. International Journal of Nanomedicine. dovepress.com
27. “The Type of Grain Counts: Effectiveness of Three Essential Oil-based Nanoemulsions” (2022). PMC.
28. “Neem oil based nano-emulsion formulation by low energy phase inversion” (2021). ScienceDirect. 
29. “Neem oil nanoemulsions (NO NEs) response surface methodology” (2024). MDPI. 
30. “Impact of neem-nanoemulsion and neem petroleum ether extract on hymenopteran parasitoid” (2020). BNRC / SpringerOpen. 
31. “Nanoemulsions: a review on low energy formulation methods, characterization, applications and challenges” (2024). ScienceDirect. 
32. “Preparation of Neem Seed Oil Nanoemulsion – Ghotbi & Khatibzadeh” (2014). Semantic Scholar. 
33. “Neem Oil (Azadirachta indica) nanoemulsion: a potent larvicidal agent — Society of Chemical Industry” (2011). PubMed
34. “Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) review: Larvicidal and pesticidal applications” (2017). PDF review. pdfs.semanticscholar.org
35. “Olio di neem – Italian Wikipedia entry (traditional uses)” (2023) – provides background on traditional uses. it.wikipedia.org
36. “Neem oil – Wikipedia” (2023) – general overview. en.wikipedia.org
37. “Nimbin (chemical) – Wikipedia” (2023) – details on one of the limonoids. en.wikipedia.org
38. “Azadirachtin – Wikipedia” (2023) – insecticidal active limonoid. en.wikipedia.org
39. Rinaldi F., et al. (2022) – again for antioxidant nanoemulsion work. (duplicate reference but supports multiple parts) PMC
40. “Green Micro- and Nanoemulsions for Managing Parasites, Vectors and Pests” (2023) – review on nanoemulsions in pest/vector management.