Physico Chemical Analysis of Water in Aquaponds In Devaguptam Village in Allavaram Mandal, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema Dist. A. P., India

Water is the major constituent of the world, which sustains life on earth and the human beings depend on it for their survival. The 71% area of our planet is covered by water in which only 1 percent of water is used by human beings. The 99 percent of such available water (1 percent is surface water) is located underground (Lewis et al. 1994). Among various water quality factors, physico chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, turbidity and nutrient concentrations are crucial in maintaining an optimal aquatic environment. [1][2].  Water quality is influenced by a variety of Physico chemical parameters, such as pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, carbonates, bicarbonates, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, salinity, and nutrient concentrations (ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites). These parameters regulate the biological processes of aquatic organisms, affect feed utilization, and determine overall pond productivity. Any imbalance in water quality can lead to stress, reduced growth, disease outbreaks, and mortality of aquaculture species [4]. Aquaculture has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors of food production worldwide, contributing significantly to food security, nutrition, rural employment, and economic development [ 5]. India is among the leading aquaculture-producing country, with Andhra Pradesh being a major hub for prawn and shrimp farming. The success of aquaculture practices is largely determined by the quality of water, which serves as the primary medium for the growth, survival, and reproduction of cultured organisms.  Aquaculture is the cultivation of fish, shrimp, and other aquatic organisms in controlled environments. It provides an essential source of protein, livelihood, and economic development, particularly in regions where traditional fisheries are unable to meet the rising demand. The success of aquaculture largely depends on the quality of pond water, which is governed by the interactions of various Physico- chemical and biological factors. [2][3][4][6].Bottom of Form

METHODOLOGY:

Study area:

The present study was conducted in the Aquaponds region, for a period of 2023 to 2024 at the station are Devaguptam- (D1) Latitude - 16° 29' 13.85" N and Longitude -82° 1' 32.50" E. The samples were collected on the surface of area were located in Allavaram mandal in the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar konaseema District, Andhra Pradesh. India.

Water samples and their analysis:

Water samples are collected from the surface of the station were once in every month in polythene bottle at 10.00 AM from May, 2023 to April, 2024. All samplings represent instantaneous water quality at the particular time. Water samples were collected in polyethylene bottles, transported to the laboratory, and analyzed. The water samples are collected from areas in polyethylene bags and shifted to the laboratory. The analysis is carried out water samples are analyzed with respect to pH, temperature, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Salinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free Co2, Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Nitrates, Nitrites and Ammonia. Water samples were analyzed for most water quality influencing 16 physicochemical parameters, which included pH, temperature, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Salinity, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Free Co2, Total Dissolved solids, Nitrates, Nitrites and Ammonia. All the water samples were analyzed in the laboratory using standard methods [2].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Sampling Station--Devaguptam: (D1)

The monthly observations of physic-chemical parameters at station Devaguptam(D1) (May–April) showed clear seasonal variations influenced by summer, monsoon, and winter conditions. The results indicate that the water quality remains largely suitable for aquaculture, but with certain fluctuations that may affect pond ecology and cultured species. The overall mean values and standard deviations were also calculated to understand the fluctuations across the year.

Table 1. Physico chemical parameters of the seasonal variations in the station Devaguptam (D1)