Unveiling the Green Gold: A Comprehensive Review of Arthrospira Platensis's Botanical, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Aspects with Emphasis on Anti-Oxidant Activity

Arnab Roy, Sonu Kumar, Amisha Kumari, Arvind Kumar, Gagan Gaykwad, Sahil Singh, Aman Sahu, Sajid Ansari, Faiz Alam, Md. Khatibul Ansari, Nishikant Kumar, Ritesh Kumar Dubey, Sudhanshu Shekhar, Arti Kumari, Aditya Raj Gupta, Mahesh Kumar Yadav, Ankita Singh, Dr. K. Rajeswar Dutt,

doi:10.5281/zenodo.15421425

Review Paper | Open Access
Volume 02 | Issue 05 | Article Id IJSRT/250305017

Unveiling the Green Gold: A Comprehensive Review of Arthrospira Platensis's Botanical, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Aspects with Emphasis on Anti-Oxidant Activity
Arnab Roy* ² Sonu Kumar ¹ Amisha Kumari ¹ Arvind Kumar ¹ Gagan Gaykwad ¹ Sahil Singh ¹ Aman Sahu ¹ Sajid Ansari ¹ Faiz Alam ¹ Md. Khatibul Ansari ¹ Nishikant Kumar ¹ Ritesh Kumar Dubey ¹ Sudhanshu Shekhar ¹ Arti Kumari ¹ Aditya Raj Gupta ¹ Mahesh Kumar Yadav ³ Ankita Singh ⁴ Dr. K. Rajeswar Dutt ⁵
¹Student, B. Pharm, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Department of Pharmacy, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835219, India.
²Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Department of Pharmacy, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835219, India.
³Principal In-Charge, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Department of Pharmacy, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835219, India
⁴Vice-Principal, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Dept. of Pharmacy, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835219, India
⁵Dean, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Dept. of Pharmacy, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835219, India

Abstract

The microscopic blue-green microalgae Arthrospira platensis represents a fascinating intersection of nutritional science, ecological sustainability, and biomedical potential. This cyanobacterium transcends traditional nutritional paradigms, offering a complex biochemical profile that has captivated researchers across multiple scientific disciplines. Its remarkable composition encompasses an extensive array of bioactive compounds, including high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and extraordinary antioxidant molecules that demonstrate significant protective capabilities against oxidative stress and cellular damage. The botanical characteristics of A. platensis are equally compelling, with its unique filamentous structure and ability to thrive in alkaline environments highlighting its exceptional adaptive capabilities. Biochemically, this microalgae synthesizes an impressive spectrum of phytochemicals, including phycocyanin, ?-carotene, and gamma-linolenic acid, which collectively contribute to its potent therapeutic properties. Emerging pharmacological research has unveiled its potential in modulating immune responses, mitigating inflammatory processes, demonstrating anticarcinogenic effects, and supporting metabolic regulation. Beyond its nutritional and medicinal significance, A. platensis emerges as a promising biotechnological platform. Its sustainable cultivation, minimal environmental footprint, and capacity for rapid biomass production position it as a critical resource in addressing global challenges related to food security, nutritional supplementation, and potentially revolutionary bioengineering applications. Innovative studies continue to explore its potential in nutraceutical development, bioremediation, and even advanced fields like biofuel production, underscoring its multifaceted scientific importance.

Keywords

Arthrospira platensis, Spirulina biotechnology, Antioxidant metabolism, Nutritional biochemistry, Phytochemical characterization, Microalgal therapeutics

Introduction

In the expansive realm of microbiological research, few organisms have captured scientific imagination and potential as comprehensively as Arthrospira platensis, colloquially known as spirulina. This extraordinary cyanobacterium represents a fascinating convergence of botanical complexity, pharmaceutical promise, and biotechnological innovation. Emerging from the primordial alkaline water bodies of our planet, A. platensis embodies a remarkable evolutionary narrative of survival, adaptation, and biochemical sophistication that continues to intrigue researchers across multiple disciplines.

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Arnab Roy

Corresponding author

Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835219, India