Rasa Shastra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda that deals with metals, minerals, and Herbo-mineral formulations processed through procedures such as Shodhana and Marana to enhance safety and therapeutic efficacy. These preparations are known for their rapid action, smaller dosage, and improved bioavailability¹. Lauha Kalpa constitute a group of herbo-mineral formulations in which Lauha Bhasma serves as the principal ingredient, often combined with herbal drugs and other processed minerals to potentiate clinical effects. Shilajatvadi Lauha is one such Kharaliya Rasayana formulation indicated in Rajayakshma (tuberculosis), Rakta-shteevana Yakshma, Rakta Kshaya, Pandu (anemia), and Madhumeha (diabetes)². The formulation comprises Shilajatu, Lauha Bhasma, Swarna Makshika, Trikatu, and Madhu, and is generally administered in Vati (tablet) form for precise dosing. Classical literature describes two variations of this formulation and specifically highlights its role in Yakshma management². Its Rasayana, Lekhana, Yogavahi, and Srotoshodhana properties provide a rational basis for its use in Dhatukshaya and respiratory disorders. Compared to conventional iron salts that frequently cause gastrointestinal irritation, Shilajatvadi Lauha is traditionally considered better tolerated and shows potential in chronic wasting disorders.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
- To review classical references of Shilajatvadi Lauha.
- To analyse its pharmacodynamic profile (Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka and Karma).
- To explore its probable mode of action.
METHODOLOGY
- Review of classical texts:
- Rasendra Sara Sangraha
- Bhaishajya Ratnavali
- Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakara
- Rasarajasundara
- Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part II
- Electronic Database Search: Databases were screened for studies related to individual ingredients.
OBSERVATION AND RESULT:
Two classical texts describe slight variations in the composition, proportion, and dosage of Shilajitwadi Lauha.
Table No: 1 - Different references of Shilajatvadi Lauha.
|
Reference3,4,5 |
Composition |
Proportion |
Anupana |
Dose |
|
Rasa raja sundara/ RasendraSaraSangraha/ Bhaishajya Ratnavali/ Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part II |
Shilajatu, Madhu, Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali, Swarna makshika + Loha Bhasma |
1 part each of all ingredients + 6 parts Loha Bhasma |
Ksheera Madhu |
2 ratti (250 mg) |
|
Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakara |
Shilajatu + Loha Bhasma |
Equal parts |
- |
1 valla (375 mg) |
METHOD OF PREPARATION6
The preparation of Shilajatvadi Lauha requires a rigorous multi-stage pharmaceutical process designed to transform raw minerals and metals into non-toxic, bioavailable Bhasma. This process involves Shodhana (purification), Marana (incineration), and Bhavana (trituration with herbal extracts), ensuring the final product passes both classical and modern standardization tests. According to classical references, loha bhasma (six parts) is triturated with one part each of other ingredients. Tablets of approximately 250 mg to 375 mg are prepared and dried under shade.
FORMULATION DETAILS (AFI)6
Table No: 2 - Ingredients of Shilajatvadi Lauha.
|
Sl N0: |
Ingredient |
Source |
Ratio |
|
1 |
Shilajatu |
Mineral exudate |
1 part |
|
2 |
Loha Bhasma |
Iron calx |
6 parts |
|
3 |
Swarnamakshika |
Copper-iron pyrite |
1 part |
|
4 |
Shunthi |
Zingiber officinale |
1 part |
|
5 |
Maricha |
Piper nigrum |
1 part |
|
6 |
Pippali |
Piper longum |
1 part |
|
7 |
Yastimadhu |
Glycyrrhiza glabra |
1 part |
Thus, the formulation contains:
- 3 Herbal drugs
- 3 Mineral drugs
- 1 Animal origin drug (Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Rasendra Sara Sangraha, and Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakara consider madhu as Yastimadhu)
Given its indication in Rajayakshma and the need for Rasayana and Kasa-Swasahara action, along with its preparation in Vati form, it is pharmaceutically more appropriate to interpret Madhu as Yashtimadhu rather than honey. Yashtimadhu better supports respiratory function and disease pathology while also aiding binding in Kharaliya preparations.
Drug Profile7,8
Table No: 3 - Rasa panchaka of Shilajitwadi Lauha.
|
Sl No: |
Drug |
Rasa |
Guna |
Veerya |
Vipaka |
Karma |
|
1 |
Shilajatu |
Katu, Tikta |
Laghu, Ruksha |
Ushna |
Katu |
Rasayana, Yogavahi, Kshayaghna |
|
2 |
Loha Bhasma |
Kashaya |
Ruksha |
Ushna |
Madhura |
Rasayana, Balya |
|
3 |
Swarna makshika |
Tikta, Madhura |
Laghu |
Ushna |
Katu |
Rasayana |
|
4 |
Pippali |
Katu |
Laghu, SnigdhaTikshna |
Ushna |
Madhura |
Rasayana, Deepana, Pachana, Kasa Swasaghna, Srotoshodhana |
|
5 |
Maricha |
Katu |
Laghu, Tikshna |
Ushna |
Katu |
Deepana, Pachana |
|
6 |
Shunti |
Katu |
Laghu, Snigdha |
Ushna |
Madhura |
Deepana, Pachana, Kasa-Shwasaghna |
|
7 |
Yashti madhu |
Madhura |
Guru, Snigdha |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Rasayana,Kasa-Swasahara, Yogavahi |
The formulation predominantly exhibits Ushna Veerya with Katu Rasa dominance. Most ingredients possess Rasayana, Lekhana, and Srotoshodhana properties, supporting its specific indication in Yakshma. It is currently available in tablet form across various commercial price ranges.
DISCUSSION
Shilajatvadi Lauha is classically indicated in Yakshma, and its therapeutic basis can be understood through its multidimensional actions. The Rasayana property counters Dhatukshaya and supports tissue regeneration, while Lekhana and Srotoshodhana actions help clear Kapha-induced obstruction in the Pranavaha Srotas, thereby improving respiratory function. The Yogavahi nature of Shilajatu, Pippali, and Madhu enhances drug absorption and targeted delivery, augmenting overall efficacy. Lauha is described as Nanamayaghna, indicating its broad therapeutic utility. Processed Lauha Bhasma contains both Fe(II) and Fe(III) forms in nano-structured particles, which may improve absorption, iron storage, and oxygen transport—explaining its role in anaemia, weakness, and dyspnoea9. Tapya contributes additional Lekhana and Rasayana properties. Evidence also suggests that bhasma-based formulations can reduce airway inflammation10. Trikatu acts in Kasa and Swasa, promotes Lekhana and Srotoshodhana, and functions as a Yogavahi due to Pippali. Piperine enhances bioavailability by increasing intestinal blood flow and inhibiting P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 enzymes11, thereby improving systemic availability of active constituents such as dibenzo-alpha-pyrones from Shilajatu and iron from Lauha Bhasma. Shilajatu has demonstrated immunomodulatory activity and enhancement of innate immune responses12. Loha Bhasma has shown hematinic efficacy comparable to ferrous sulphate in experimental anaemia models13, potentially reducing anaemia-associated fatigue seen in Yakshma. Piperine’s bioenhancing effect14 further strengthens the pharmacological rationale of this formulation.
CONCLUSION
Shilajatvadi Lauha is a classical herbo-mineral formulation indicated in Yakshma, and its synergistic Rasayana, Lekhana, Yogavahi, and Srotoshodhana properties provide a rational basis for its use in conditions associated with Dhatukshaya and respiratory pathology. Compared to conventional iron salts, which frequently cause abdominal pain, nausea, and severe constipation leading to poor compliance, Shilajatvadi Lauha is generally better tolerated. Traditionally considered suitable even for children and pregnant women under supervision, it may represent a safer and more acceptable option for long-term use. Collectively, these findings provide pharmacological support for its classical indications and rationalize its use in the chronic wasting disorders (Dhatukshaya, Rajayakshma).
REFERENCE
- Nakum JB, Vyas KY, Umretia BL, Kalsariya BD. Application of nanotechnology in Rasaushadhi preparations for nanoparticle synthesis—A comparative review. J AYUSH: Ayurveda Yoga Unani Siddha Homeopathy. 2024;13(2):1-8.
- Tripathi I. Rasendrasarasangraha (Savimar?a ‘Rasavidyotini’ Hindi commentary). 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 1998. Yakshma Chikitsa; p. 278.
- Govinda Das. Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Vol. 1. 1st ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan; 2006. Translated by Lochan K. p. 788.
- Sadananda Sharma. Rasendra Sara Sangraha. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia; 2004. Lauha Kalpa Vriddhi Lakshana, Sloka 112–115. p. 128. Available from: https://archive.org/details/RasendraSaraSangraha
- Shah NC, Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar. 2nd ed. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers (Pvt) Ltd; 1999. p. 127.
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Part II. 1st English ed. New Delhi: The Controller of Publications; 2000. p. 311. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Pt. 2: India. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee. https://share.google/BVTC2HbFv2dQwQ9g2
- Sharma PV, editor. Dravyaguna Vijnana, Vol II. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; 2010. Trikatu Group – Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka, Karma & Doshaghnata. p. 840–842. Available from: https://archive.org/details/dravyaguna-vijnana-pv-sharma
- Chunekar KC, editor. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu of Bhavamishra. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Bharati Academy; 2017. Trikatu Varga, Sloka 5–9. p. 450–453. Available from: https://www.ayurvedicmedicinalplants.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Bhavaprakasha-Nighantu.pdf
- Tiwari MK, Singh A, Khooha A, Goutam UK. Structural investigation of Ayurveda Lauha (Iron) Bhasma. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2023;14(2):100690. PMID: 36822148. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9978626/
- Balkrishna A, et al. Effect of bhasma-based medicine on airway inflammation. PLoS One. 2021;16(5): e0251637. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33965093/
- Tripathi D, Gupta VK, Pandey P, Rajinikanth PS. Metabolic insights into drug absorption: unveiling piperine’s transformative bioenhancing potential. Pharm Res. 2025;42(10):1857–1891. doi:10.1007/s11095-025-03920-5. PMID: 41053306. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41053306/
- Patel S, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Shilajatu Rasayana in patients with HIV infection. [PubMed citation]. PMID: 22131681.
- - Pandit S, Biswas TK, Debnath PK, Saha AV, Chowdhury U, Shaw BP, et al. Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of different Ayurvedic preparations of iron. J Ethnopharmacol 1999; 65: 149–56.
- Atal CK, Dubey RK, Singh J. Biochemical basis of enhanced drug bioavailability by piperine: evidence that piperine is a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985;232(1):258–262. PMID: 3917507. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3917507/.
Aadikeshav Krishnan* 1
Archana Pagad 2
10.5281/zenodo.18941940