Akshay Wagh*
Kunal Kothawade
Shivshankar Ambhore
The existence of several chemicals that cause psychoactive effects in those who consume it defines the complexity of the Cannabis sativa plant. Through a sequence of pyrolysis events, more than 500 chemical compounds have been found in marijuana to date, including over 60 cannabinoids, which produce more than 2000 chemicals in marijuana smoke [1],[2] When tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is introduced into the body, it causes a variety of effects, including changes in mood, perception, memory, movement, and cognition. In certain situations, it also causes an increase in dopamine release, which ultimately results in euphoric feelings and anxiolytic effects [3] As a result, this study has also studied the usage of marijuana as a pharmaceutical medicine, particularly its application in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARs-Cov-2). [4] [5] Notwithstanding the fact that efforts to curb its use have been met with a push to legalize it primarily for medical purposes, marijuana's increased illegal trading in black markets and consumption patterns raise concerns about its potentially harmful effects on human health, particularly its role as a precursor to the development of cancer. This is true even though there are few documented mortality cases linked to marijuana use among consumers. However, some systematic and epidemiological investigations have identified marijuana use as a risk factor for respiratory problems and pulmonary function. [6]
From sea level to the mountain slopes of the Himalayas, where it may have originated, Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) can be found in a range of environments and elevations [7]. Since ancient times, cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic purposes. Its medicinal usage was first documented in the sixth century B.C. in the Middle East and Asia. It wasn't until the early nineteenth century that it was first used in western medicine. [8, 9] By evaluating a few published studies from various journals and databases, this study aims to investigate the apparent harm and psychotic effects that result from recurrent use of this psychoactive chemical substance as well as the scientific attempts made to stop it. The main goal of this effort is to evaluate the known emerging compounds from cannabis cigarette smoke and their potential for cancer. Additionally, this survey has assessed scientific initiatives aimed at lowering marijuana toxicity. Furthermore, the legalization of marijuana for medical use due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant properties has expanded in several states and countries worldwide on the grounds that it contains chemical compounds that are effective in treating a variety of illnesses and symptoms, regardless of the risks involved [10]. The system of endocannabinoids (ECS) It was discovered in 1964 that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), commonly referred to as dronabinol, is the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Early research into its mode of action mostly focused on electrophysiological evidence, which revealed that euphoria could result from a decrease in inhibitory activity in the thalamus, cerebellum, and septum. [11] There is mounting evidence that the ECS is disrupted in a variety of physical and mental health disorders, either as a component of the underlying disease or as a physiological reaction. [ Therefore, the ECS is a likely target for a novel pharmacological approach to many illnesses that are currently untreatable, either by boosting the endocannabinoids themselves or by directly targeting the receptors with agonists or antagonists. [12,13]
10.5281/zenodo.15295450