Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune - 411001
Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by localized reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), leading to painful rashes in individuals with previous chickenpox history. In this study, aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity and further used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles through green synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV and FTIR spectroscopy. The aqueous extract showed maximum inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, and silver nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antimicrobial potential. This suggests that Abutilon indicum leaf extract–based silver nanoparticles can serve as effective antimicrobial agents.
Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by the localized reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), leading to a painful unilateral rash in a dermatomal distribution in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. When HZ occurs, VZV can be transmitted during the vesicular phase of the rash, causing primary infection in seronegative individuals. After primary varicella infection, VZV establishes latency in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia. Herpes zoster is the reactivation of this virus, spreading from a single ganglion to the corresponding dermatome and neural tissue. The VZV is a neurotropic human herpesvirus belonging to the genus alphaherpesviridiae and is globally distributed. Its genome consists of approximately 125,000 base pairs of linear doublestranded DNA. The virus primarily infects human cells such as epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and ganglionic neurons. VZV entry into neural cells is mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycan and the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) pathway, with new virus particles potentially released 9 to 12 hours after cellular entry. Varicella is acquired through airway contact with respiratory droplets or vesicular varicella lesions. Initial viral replication occurs in the respiratory tract, followed by invasion of local lymph nodes and eventual viremia, leading to cutaneous vesicular eruptions. The incubation period for varicella ranges from 10 to 21 days, and it is contagious from 1 to 4 days before the rash appears until all lesions have dried up. Nanoparticles, typically 1 to 100 nanometers in size, exhibit unique properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. Their properties are influenced by size, shape, and composition, with smaller sizes leading to increased surface area and reactivity. Nanoparticles are used in medicine for targeted drug delivery and diagnostics, in electronics for improving device efficiency (e.g., quantum dots in displays and solar cells), and in environmental applications like water purification and catalysis. Their synthesis involves chemical methods, physical deposition, and bottom-up assembly.
Abutilon Indicum Plant
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet ssp. Indicum (Family: Malvaceae), commonly known as Atibala, is a significant traditional medicine used for various ailments. It has been traditionally used as a laxative, emollient, analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and blood tonic, and for treating conditions like leprosy, urinary diseases, jaundice, piles, and wounds. Studies have confirmed its antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and larvicidal activities.
MATERIALS & METHODS: -
MATERIALS: -
Pet ether Chloroform (Solvent) Ethyl acetate (Solvent) Water (Vehicle) Silver Nitrate (Reducing agent)
Equipments: -
The equipment utilized in the study are:
Weighing balance (SHIMADZU AUX220)
Magnetic stirrer (REMI 2MLH)
Soxhlet extraction apparatus
Rotary evaporator apparatus (EV11 AGK.050)
UV-spectrophotometer (Jasco V-630)
FTIR (Jasco M-41000)
Experimental Work: -
Dried Leaves of Abutilon Indicum
Vitthal Chopade, Sanket Dhangare*, Chinmayee Chavan, Aditya Kasar, Mahesh Reddy, Development and Experimental Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles with Anti-Microbial Activity for Extract of Abutilon Indicum, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2025, 2 (7), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16407460
10.5281/zenodo.16407460
