Formulation and Evaluation of a Herbal Aloe Vera-Based Face Wash for Therapeutic and Cosmetic Skin Care Applications

In recent years, the global cosmetic and dermatological industries have witnessed an increasing preference for natural and herbal-based formulations. A significant reason for this trend is the widespread perception that plant-derived products are safer, more biocompatible, and free from the harsh side effects often associated with synthetic chemicals [1]. Among natural skincare agents, Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) has emerged as a cornerstone botanical in cosmetic preparations, particularly due to its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, wound-healing, and antimicrobial properties [2]. The human skin acts as a barrier against environmental pollutants, microbes, and harmful ultraviolet radiation. To maintain its protective integrity and aesthetic appearance, daily cleansing and care are essential. Face wash, as a cosmetic formulation, plays a vital role in removing dirt, sebum, pollutants, and dead skin cells without compromising the skin’s natural lipid barrier [3]. The integration of herbal ingredients in face wash formulations has thus become highly popular, offering both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. Modern consumers increasingly reject synthetic surfactants and preservatives in favor of milder, biodegradable alternatives. Herbal face washes meet this demand, combining natural emulsifiers and actives like rose water, peppermint oil, almond oil, and glycerin with therapeutic agents such as raw honey and aloe vera gel [4]. These ingredients are selected not only for their cleansing ability but also for their skin conditioning, soothing, and rejuvenating effects. Commercial facial cleansers often contain synthetic additives that may lead to adverse dermatological reactions such as dryness, irritation, or allergic responses, particularly in sensitive skin types [5]. An herbal formulation, when scientifically developed and standardized, can overcome these limitations and provide additional skincare benefits such as anti-acne, anti-aging, hydration, and melanin suppression, thereby enhancing the skin’s texture and tone [6].

Aloe Vera: A Multifunctional Skincare Agent

Aloe vera is a succulent plant renowned for its extensive array of over 75 bioactive constituents, which include essential vitamins such as A, C, E, and B12, as well as enzymes, polysaccharides, saponins, salicylic acid, and amino acids [7]. These naturally occurring compounds function synergistically to offer multiple therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. One of the primary effects of Aloe vera is its ability to hydrate the skin by enhancing moisture retention, thereby supporting skin softness and suppleness. It also plays a crucial role in reducing inflammation and erythema by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity, a key factor in the inflammatory response. Furthermore, Aloe vera promotes wound healing and stimulates collagen synthesis, which contributes to tissue regeneration and improved skin integrity. In addition to these benefits, it exhibits antimicrobial properties that are particularly effective against Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium commonly associated with acne pathogenesis [8]. Numerous studies have validated the efficacy of Aloe vera in dermatological applications, highlighting its usefulness in the treatment of various skin conditions such as acne, burns, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis [9]. Due to its multifunctional bioactivity and compatibility with human skin, Aloe vera serves as an ideal active ingredient in the formulation of natural face wash products, offering both preventive and therapeutic skincare benefits.

Table 1: Key Herbal Ingredients Used in Aloe Vera Face Wash and Their Benefits [10].

Cosmetic and Therapeutic Applications of Face Wash

A well-formulated face wash should possess multiple cosmetic properties: cleansing without irritation, maintaining optimal pH, and offering visible improvements in skin texture. Therapeutically, herbal face washes are intended to:

• Prevent and manage acne by reducing microbial colonization.
• Support exfoliation and cellular turnover.
• Reduce oxidative stress, thereby slowing aging.
• Improve skin tone and clarity through melanin modulation [11].

The multifunctionality of a natural face wash is achieved by the synergistic interaction of its ingredients, which must be evaluated for physical parameters such as pH, consistency, spreadability, foamability, and washability to ensure user compliance and effectiveness [12]. The primary objective of this research is centered on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal face wash incorporating Aloe vera as a key active ingredient. This study is specifically aimed at developing a face wash that integrates Aloe vera along with other complementary herbal components known for their beneficial effects on the skin. The research further seeks to conduct a thorough evaluation of the formulated product by examining its organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, including parameters such as pH, spreadability, consistency, and foamability. Additionally, the investigation intends to assess the functional efficacy of the face wash, particularly focusing on its cleansing ability, compatibility with the skin, and overall aesthetic appeal. To establish the formulation’s effectiveness and user acceptability, a comparative analysis will be carried out between the prepared herbal face wash and a commercially available face wash product [13].

INGREDIENT USED IN FORMULATION

Table 2: Description of Ingredients Used in the Formulation and Evaluation of Aloe Vera Face Wash

1. Aloe Vera

Table 3: Taxonomical classification and botanical details of Aloe Vera used in the formulation [15].

Figure1: Aloe vera plants

Aloe vera, a succulent plant from the Aloe genus, is widely revered for its extensive therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. In the formulation and evaluation of an Aloe vera face wash, Aloe vera serves as the primary active ingredient, contributing significantly to the overall efficacy and appeal of the product. The clear, viscous gel extracted from the inner leaf of the Aloe vera plant is rich in bioactive compounds, including vitamins (such as A, C, and E), enzymes, amino acids, polysaccharides, and antioxidants, which collectively provide moisturizing, soothing, and anti-inflammatory properties. When incorporated into a face wash formulation, Aloe vera functions as a natural humectant, attracting and retaining moisture in the skin, which helps to maintain hydration and prevent dryness after cleansing. Its gentle nature makes it ideal for all skin types, including sensitive and acne-prone skin. Aloe vera’s anti-inflammatory agents such as gibberellins and auxins assist in reducing redness, irritation, and inflammation, making it especially beneficial in calming irritated skin and treating minor acne or sunburns. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of Aloe vera, attributed to compounds like salicylic acid and sulfur, helps in combating acne-causing bacteria, thereby promoting clearer skin [16]. Moreover, the natural enzymes present in Aloe vera, such as amylase and lipase, aid in the gentle exfoliation of dead skin cells, resulting in a brighter and smoother complexion. It also enhances the skin’s natural healing process, supporting the repair of damaged tissues and the regeneration of new skin cells. The inclusion of Aloe vera in the face wash not only imparts therapeutic benefits but also improves the consistency and spreadability of the formulation, giving the face wash a soothing, gel-like texture that feels refreshing on application. Overall, Aloe vera plays a multifaceted role in the face wash formulation, offering cleansing, hydrating, healing, and protective benefits that contribute to healthier, rejuvenated skin with regular use [17].

 Benefits Aloe vera plants [18].

1. Its anti-inflammatory effects help to relieve pain, swelling, and soreness in wounds and injuries, and it promotes collagen formation and release.
2. It can shorten the time it takes for Trusted Source wounds to heal and reduce scarring
3. It shortens the time it takes for first- and second-degree burns to recover
4. It works to treat bacterial and fungal diseases trusted source.
5. The cream residue should not become thick once the water has evaporated.
6. Rather than absorption, its physical action should be that of skin flushing and pore opening.
7. After usage, a thin emollient layer should remain on the skin.

Content: Vitamins enzymes, minerals, Carbohydrates, Lienim, Salieylic, Aminoacids, are among 75 potentially aftive ingredients found in alvo-vera

2. Rose Water

Table 4: Taxonomical classification and botanical details of Rosa damascena (Rose), the botanical source of rose water used in the face wash formulation [19].

Figure 2: Rose water

Rose water is a natural hydrosol obtained through the steam distillation of fresh rose petals, predominantly from the Rosa damascena species. In the preparation of Aloe Vera Face Wash, rose water serves as an essential ingredient due to its multifaceted benefits for the skin. It acts as a gentle toner and a natural astringent, helping to maintain the skin’s pH balance while tightening pores and reducing redness or irritation. Its soothing properties make it ideal for calming sensitive skin and reducing inflammation, thereby complementing the calming effects of Aloe Vera. Moreover, rose water possesses mild antiseptic qualities that help cleanse the skin by inhibiting the growth of certain bacteria, which may contribute to acne and skin infections. It also imparts a subtle, refreshing fragrance to the formulation, enhancing the user experience with a pleasant and calming aroma. In addition, rose water hydrates and rejuvenates the skin, promoting a fresh and radiant complexion by reducing dryness and restoring moisture balance. Overall, rose water enriches the Aloe Vera Face Wash by contributing not only to its cleansing and therapeutic properties but also by improving skin texture, tone, and sensory appeal, making it a vital ingredient in achieving a balanced and effective skincare formulation [20].

Benefits of Rose water for Your Face [21,22].

• It balances skin’s natural oils: Rose water is known for its ability to clarify and balance your skin's natural oils, resulting in a renewed, revitalised appearance.
• It can help reduce the appearance of temporary redness:  If you have some redness on your skin, rose water can actually help to reduce the appearance of it — as well as any associated discomfort. It's an excellent way to refresh and soothe your skin.
• It naturally hydrates: For youthful, glowing skin, moisture is essential, and rose water is a natural hydrator. It gives your skin an instant boost and replenishes moisture.
• It has antioxidant properties that nourish and protect the skin: Rose water has been used for a variety of purposes since the 7th century and is high in antioxidants, which provide your skin with the nutrients it requires!
• It can help prevent fine lines and wrinkles and reduce the appearance of those that already exist: Rose water is well-known for its anti-aging properties. It can fill fine wrinkles temporarily and possibly prevent new ones from forming
• It can help to unclog pores and create a smoother looking appearance: When your pores become clogged with daily debris and toxins, rose water can help to decongest them and clear impurities for a fresh, bright face.
• It reduces the appearance of large pores: Speaking of large pores, rose water can actually help to reduce their appearance. It has cleaning, clarifying, and balancing qualities.
• It can temporarily tighten skin: Rose water can temporarily tighten the look of your skin, giving you a firm, plump appearance, thanks to its toning properties. Smooth as silk!
• It helps to remove impurities and prepare your skin for success: Rose water can help to
• remove impurities and prepare your skin for success. It cleanses and hydrates the skin, making it a great addition to any natural skin care routine.

C) Raw Honey

Table 5: Taxonomical classification and biological source of Raw Honey used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations [23].

Benefits of Raw Honey for Skin and Face [24].

1. Deeply hydrates the skin
2. It cleans the pores.
3. Lightens Scars
4. Gentle Exfoliator
5. Helps with sunburn
6. ) Prevents acne and pimples
7. Adds a Natural Glow
8. Reverses Age
9. Hydrates the Skin
10. Assists in Wrinkle Reduction
11. Brightens the Skin Complexion

Figure 3: Raw Honey

Content: Honey is primarily sugar, with some amino acids, vitamins, minerals, iron, zinc, and antioxidants thrown in for good measure. Honey is utilised as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial agent in addition to being a natural sweetener. [25]

D) Almond Oil

Table 6: Taxonomical classification and botanical details of Almond Oil used in cosmetic formulations [26].

1. Hydrate the stratum corneum of the skin.
2. Hydration and Moisturization
3. Soothing and Healing
4. Cleansing
5. Improved Skin Tone and Complexion
6. Anti-aging

Content:  fatty acid, oleic acid, vitamin E     

Figure 4: Almond Oil

E) PEPPERMINT OIL

Table 7: Taxonomical classification and botanical details of Peppermint Oil (Mentha × piperita) [28].

Benefits of using peppermint oil for skin [29].

• It revitalises the skin: Adding peppermint essential oil to any skin care recipe helps your

  

  
  skin feel renewed, invigorated, and alive.
• It lowers pimples: Peppermint essential oil's antimicrobial and antiseptic properties aid in the reduction of pimples and lesions such as papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, and active comedones.
• It cools the skin and scalp: Peppermint essential oil is used in skin care products to create a cooling feeling and decrease the effects of sunburn or prolonged sun exposure.
• It increases blood circulation and skin tone by using oils or serums packed with organic peppermint essential oil for face and body on a regular basis.
• It eliminates germs and odour: Peppermint oil's antibacterial capabilities keep skin and scalp clear of congestion and make them smell fresh and minty by eliminating bacteria and odour.
• It reduces sebum: Peppermint oil in face masks and cleansers helps oily, combination, and acne-prone skin regulate sebum production and distribution.
• It is astringent in nature: Peppermint oil is naturally astringent. It improves the appearance of pores by contracting skin cells. It also prevents clogging or congestion of the pores.
• It reduces indigestion: Relieves indigestion Menthol in peppermint oil reduces acidity, soothes the stomach, and aids digestion, resulting in a healthier gut and clearer skin.

Figure 5: Peppermint oil

Content: of peppermint oil Menthone and menthol are the two primary chemical components of peppermint oil.

F) GLYCERIN

Table 8: Chemical classification and natural origin details of Glycerin used in the formulation [30].

Glycerin Benefits for Your Skin [31].

1. Hydrate the stratum corneum of the skin.
2.  Improve the skin barrier function.
3. Provide anti-irritant protection for the skin
4. Increase the speed with which wounds heal
5. Eliminate dry skin.
6. May be beneficial for psoriasis.

Content: of glycerin Glycerin is a natural chemical generated from vegetable oils or animal fats. It's a sweet-tasting liquid that's transparent, colourless.

Figure 6: Glycerin

G) Soap Base [32]

Base material of soap base

1. Foaming agent
2. Cleansing agent
3. Expedient

The basic ingredients of soap bace

1. Vegetable oil.
2. 100 percent pure lye.
3. Distilled water.
4. Essential or skin-safe fragrance oils (optional)
5. Colorants

FORMULATION OF FACE WASH

Table 9: Composition of the Aloe Vera Face Wash formulation with respective quantities of each ingredient used [33].

Figure 7: Formulation of face wash

METHOD OF PREPARATION [34]

Prepared herbal extract with rose water

Add mixture of Alovera gel and honey mixed together and stiring

Add almond oil peppermint oil with continuous stirring

Add few ml of glycerine

Add soap base in accurate

Prepare formulation filter with suitable container and labeling

USES OF FACE-WASH

Facewash uses go beyond simple cleaning. Incorporate it into your skincare routine in the following additional ways

·Morning Routine

Gently wash your face in the morning; this effectively clears away perspiration, extra oil, and pollutants that may have accumulated overnight.

· Removal of Makeup

Prior to retiring for the night, meticulously eliminate every hint of makeup using either micellar water or an oil-based facial cleanser.

· Double Cleansing

The double washing technique requires an initial application of an oil-based cleanser; this is subsequently followed by a water-based face wash—an approach that guarantees a thorough and deep clean.

· Post-Workout Cleansing

After an intense workout, meticulously wash your face to eliminate sweat and bacteria; doing so will effectively prevent post-workout breakouts.

Advantages of Face Wash [35,37]

· It helps to remove dead skin cells that helps new skin cells replace old one

· It helps to keep skin fresh and healthy.

· It makes the skin to look radiant.

·The mixture of dead skin cells and excessive oil clog pores, which can lead to acne white heads, blackheads and total weary appearance.

· Removing dead skin cells that means your skin will develop wrinkles at a slower pace.

· The exfoliation accelerates the blood circulation and promotes skin regeneration and rejuvenation.

· Facial pores and Oily skin is caused by over secretion of sebum by sebaceous glands which clogs the makes the skin oilier.

· Oily skin requires cleansers with herbs and botanicals which will clean the pores and reduce oil buildup. These exfoliating cleansers contain anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants that improve and nourish the damaged skin.

· Known for its beneficial properties, Herbal Face Wash is used to treat acne and pimples. Containing rich plant-based ingredients like feverfew and neem, Herbal Face Wash removes excess oil without removing nutrients from the skin.

Disadvantages of Facewash [38-40]

Overuse: Excessive use of face wash can strip the skin of its natural oils and disrupt the skin’s moisture barrier. This can lead to dryness, irritation, and even overproduction of oil as the skin tries to compensate.

Sensitivity: Some face washes may contain harsh chemicals or fragrances that can cause skin sensitivity, redness, or allergies in individuals with sensitive skin.

Ineffectiveness on Makeup: While face washes can help remove makeup to some extent, they may not be as effective as dedicated makeup removers, especially for heavy or waterproof makeup. In such cases, a double cleansing routine may be necessary.

Environmental Impact: Some face washes contain microplastics or harmful chemicals that can have adverse effects on the environment when washed down the drain. Choosing eco-friendly, biodegradable products can help mitigate this issue.

Cost: High-quality face washes with beneficial ingredients may be relatively more expensive than generic, lower-quality options. However, it’s essential to balance cost with the quality and suitability of the product for your skin.

Not Suitable for All Skin Types: Not all face washes are created equal. What works well for one person may not work for another, depending on their skin type and specific concerns. It can take some trial and error to find the right product for your skin.

Overuse Can Dry Skin: Excessive use or using a face wash with harsh ingredient can strip the skin of its natural oils, leading to dryness and irritation.

Not Always Effective for Deep Cleaning: Face washes may not effectively remove stubborn.

Potential for Allergic Reactions: Some face washes contain fragrances and Integrands may trigger allergic reactions or skin sensitivities in certains individuals.

EVALUATION PARAMETER

The prepared face wash formulation was evaluated for following parameter

Table No 10:  Evaluation table

Figure 8:  Formulation batch

Odour: Due to presence of rose oil all formulation having rosy smell while the marketed formulation show characteristic smell. We are rose oil as a perfume because there is chances to change in their odour at the time of storage so rose oil due proper perfume which will increase the acceptance of face wash.

pH: The pH of formulation was found to be 7.1 respectively.

Consistency: It was determined manually.

All three formulation shows semisolid consistency and also the marketed formulation shows semisolid consistency.

Spreadability: The spread ability of the formulation was found manually by applying the gel on the surface and spread.

Easy spreadability is one of the important characteristics of any face preparation as far consumer acceptance higher spreadability allows ease of application thereby increased surface area available for active ingredient permeation. The value of spreadability indicate herbal face wash easily spreadable small amount of shear.

Washability: The product was applied on surface and showed under running water

Figure 9: Washability of the formulation

When formulation were applied to the surface it was evenly applied and it shows good wash ability, when washed in running taf water that adherence of formulation is good it doesn’t take so much time for removing from the surface.

Foamability: Small amount of gel was taken in a beaker containing water. Initial volume was noted, beaker was shaken for 10 times and the final volume was noted. It was determined by taking 19m sample on 10ml of water initial volume is measured and when it shaken with water it shows final volume is more than that of initial one.                      

Figure 10: Foamability of the formulation

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The face wash were formulated and evaluated for color, odour, Consistency, pH, spread ability, Wash ability, Foam ability and obtained results are given into table.                     

Table 11:  Observation and Evaluation of Face wash