Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Herbal medicines have gained significant attention in diabetes management due to their lower side effects, cost-effectiveness, and synergistic therapeutic action. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal anti-diabetic tablet containing standardized extracts of selected medicinal plants traditionally known for their hypoglycemic properties. Herbal extracts such as Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum- graecum, and Tinospora cordifolia were incorporated based on their complementary mechanisms, including enhancement of insulin secretion, increased glucose uptake, and inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes.The polyherbal extracts were processed, dried, and blended with suitable excipients, followed by tablet formulation using the direct compression method. The developed tablets were subjected to pre-compression and post- compression evaluation, including angle of repose, compressibility index, hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, and in-vitro dissolution profile. Results indicated acceptable flow properties of powder blends and satisfactory mechanical strength of tablets. The formulation showed rapid disintegration and a sustained release profile conducive for effective glucose control.
Medicinal plant, adenanthera pavonine, Kigelia africane, Pharkia, Biglandulosa, Syzygium jambose, Poly herbal tablet
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It hae one of the most prevalent global health challenges, affecting millions of individuals and contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Long- term uncontrolled diabetes leads to serious complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases, making effective management essential. Although several synthetic anti-diabetic drugs are available, their long-term use is often associated with undesirable side effects, high treatment costs, and poor patient compliance. These limitations have led to increased interest in herbal remedies, which have been traditionally used for diabetes management in Ayurvedic, Unani, and other indigenous systems of medicine. Herbal plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids, which exhibit hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and insulin- enhancing propertie.
Types of diabetes mellitus:
1. Type I DM
2. Type II DM
Type I diabetes mellitus results from immune mediated destruction of the beta-cell of the pancreas, resulting in eventual absolute insulin deficiency. Roughly 5-10% of people with diabetes have type I disease. Patients of type I disease more likely to develop ketoacidosis than are people with typeII diabetes.
Type II diabetes mellitus has usually some degree of insulin resistance with variable insulin resistance with variable insulin secretion. Insulin secretion is said to be relatively deficient because many patients may have normal to elevated level to insulin; however, their blood sugar remain elevated because of tissue resistance to the action of insulin [5,6,7,]
Reference
- Ahmed, F., & Urooj, A. (2010). Traditional uses, medicinal properties, and phytopharmacology of Momordica charantia L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(1), 10-28.
- Akhtar, M. S., Ramzan, A., Ali, A., & Ahmad, M. (2011). Effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum on blood glucose levels. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(23), 5623- 5628.
- American Diabetes Association. (2021). Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 44(1), S1-S232.
- effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Chemico- Biological Interactions, 165(2), 155-164.
- Basu, A., & Narendhirakannan, R. T. (2013). Health benefits of fruits and vegetables: A scientific overview with special reference to diabetes mellitus. Journal of Food Research, 2(2), 52-68.
- Bhattacharya, S. (2012). Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of polyherbal formulations for diabetes. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3(4), 382- 389.
- Chawla, R., Thakur, P., Chowdhry, A., et al. (2013). Evidence-based herbal drugs for the management of diabetes mellitus. Plant Archives, 13(2), 229-236.
- Chitra, V., & Varma, S. (2013). Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal tablets for antidiabetic activity. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2), 546-552.
- Cushnie, T., & Lamb, A. (2011). Antimicrobial and therapeutic properties of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 38(2), 99-107.
- Gupta, R., Bajpai, P., & Johri, S. (2010). Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of some medicinal plants. Journal of Diabetic Complications, 24(3), 158-164.
- Harborne, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Springer.
- Jain, A., & Mishra,A. (2012). Antidiabetic and wound healing activity of polyherbal formulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(1), 152-158.
- Kaur, G., & Kulkarni, S. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets using natural binders. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(9), 345-358.
- Kumar, S., & Mittal,A. (2019). Herbal formulations for diabetes: A review. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 7(4), 60-67.
- Gupta, R., Sinha, S., & Sahu, A. (2011). Anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of polyherbal formulations in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(10), 4523-4526.
- Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals. Business Horizons.
- Nadkarni, K. M. (2007). Indian Materia Medica. Popular Prakashan.
- Nammi, S., & Boini, K. M. (2003). Antidiabetic effect of Ocimum sanctum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88(2), 85-91.
- Narendhirakannan, R., & Subramanian, S. (2006). Role of medicinal plants in diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 21(2), 76-82.
- Khandelwal, K. R. (2010). Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments. Nirali Prakashan.
- Khan, M. I., & Jain, D. C. (2010). Polyherbal approaches to diabetes management. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine, 3(2), 78-84.
- Mukherjee, P. K. (2002). Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of Botanicals. Business Horizons.
- Nadkarni, K. M. (2007). Indian Materia Medica. Popular Prakashan.
- Nammi, S., & Boini, K. M. (2003). Antidiabetic effect of Ocimum sanctum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88(2), 85-91.
- Narendhirakannan, R., & Subramanian, S. (2006). Role of medicinal plants in diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 21(2), 76-82.
- Patel, D. K., Prasad, S. K., & Kumar, R. (2012). An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants and polyherbal formulation. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), 191-199.
- Prakash, P., & Gupta, N. (2005). Aloevera: A miracle plant for various health issues. International Journal of Microbiology, 9(3), 213-218.
- Prasad, S. K., & Kumar, R. (2015). Antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulations: A review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5(2), 75-87.
- Punitha, R., & Manoharan, S. (2006). Effect of Allium sativum on blood glucose in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 1(4), 28-34.
- Rangari, V. (2009). Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. Career Publications.
- Ranasinghe, P., et al. (2012). Medicinal properties of cinnamon: A review. Pharmacognosy Research, 4(1), 7-16.
- Rong, X., & Li, Z. (2018). Controlled release herbal tablets: Formulation and evaluation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 44, 379-386.
- Satyanarayana, S. (2010). Standardization of herbal formulations. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6(3), 39-47.
- Sabu, M. C., & Kuttan, R. (2002). Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Aegle marmelos leaf extract. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 34(4), 290-295.
- Srinivasan, K. (2005). Plant spices in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research, 25(10), 1-9.
- Singh, S., & Singh, G. (2021). Polyherbal drug delivery systems for diabetes management. Journal of Herbal Science, 12(2), 45-52.
- World Health Organization. (2019). Guidelines for the Assessment of Herbal Medicines.
Tushar Awhad
Corresponding author
Rashtriya College of Pharmacy, Hatnoor Tq. Kannad Dist. Chh.Sambhajinagar
Pritam Khurde
Co-author
Rashtriya College of Pharmacy, Hatnoor Tq. Kannad Dist. Chh.Sambhajinagar
Dr. Jayshri Bairagi
Co-author
Rashtriya College of Pharmacy, Hatnoor Tq. Kannad Dist. Chh.Sambhajinagar
Dr. Jayshri Bairagi*, Khurde Pritam, Awhad Tushar, Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Antidiabetic Tablet for Oral Drug Delivery System, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2025, 2 (12), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17976441
10.5281/zenodo.17976441