F. Pincy Mol*
Madhankumar R.
Harish S.
Sowmiya J. S.
Reshma R. Nath
Asha A. S.
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., commonly referred to as winter melon, ash gourd, white gourd, or wax gourd, is a valuable plant both economically and nutritionally, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is an annual climbing vine extensively grown in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, particularly in countries such as India, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The plant features coarse, hairy stems, broad palmately lobed leaves, and yellow unisexual flowers that emerge from the leaf axils. Its fruits are generally large, fleshy, and cylindrical, usually measuring 40–60 cm in length, though they may reach up to 80 cm in some cases. Young fruits are covered with fine hairs that disappear upon maturity, leaving a thick whitish waxy layer, which significantly prolongs their storage life [1]. The fruit has a subtle, cucumber-like flavor and contains around 96% water, making it a hydrating and low-calorie food choice. It is valued not only for its culinary versatility but also for its nutritional composition, providing carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins (notably vitamin C and certain B-complex vitamins), as well as minerals like calcium, iron, and phosphorus. Due to its mild taste, B. hispida readily absorbs spices and seasonings, making it suitable for a variety of dishes. In Indian cuisine, it is used in curries, sweets (such as petha), pickles, and stews, while in Chinese and Southeast Asian cooking, it is a common ingredient in soups, stir-fries, and sweet beverages like winter melon tea. Its thick waxy coating extends its shelf life, enhancing its importance in trade and long-term storage. Beyond its nutritional benefits, Benincasa hispida has long been an important component of traditional medicine for managing various health conditions. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is commonly recommended for alleviating heat, reducing inflammation, and addressing ailments related to edema and phlegm [2]. Different parts of the plant, including the seeds, rind, and leaves, are also employed in ethnomedicine for their wide range of therapeutic properties, such as anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic activities. Recent pharmacological research has validated many of the traditional medicinal applications of B. hispida. Experimental studies have shown that its extracts possess antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. Several bioactive compounds have been identified, including flavonoids, triterpenes, glycosides, phenolic acids, sterols, and essential oils, which are largely responsible for its therapeutic potential. Additionally, because of its highwater content and low caloric value, the fruit is recognized in modern nutrition as a functional food that supports weight management and promotes metabolic health [3].
10.5281/zenodo.18298642