Evaluation of Combination Study of Pterocarpus Marsupium and Tecoma Stans for Antidiabetic Action

Verma Sanjivani; Dr. Bais Nidhi; Dr. Jain K. Sachin; Dr. Vengurlekar Sudha

doi:10.5281/zenodo.15806208

Research Paper | Open Access
Volume 02 | Issue 07 | Article Id IJSRT/250306103

Evaluation of Combination Study of Pterocarpus Marsupium and Tecoma Stans for Antidiabetic Action
Verma Sanjivani* Dr. Bais Nidhi Dr. Jain K. Sachin Dr. Vengurlekar Sudha
Oriental University, Indore (M.P)

Abstract

The present study investigates the anti-diabetic potential of Pterocarpus marsupium (heartwood extract) and Tecoma stans (leaf extract) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Rats were treated with individual extracts (200 mg/kg) and their combination for 21 days. Blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, serum insulin, and histopathology of pancreatic tissue were evaluated. Both extracts significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and improved metabolic parameters. The combination group showed synergistic activity comparable to metformin. Findings support the potential of these plant extracts as complementary anti-diabetic agents.

Keywords

Pterocarpus marsupium, Tecoma stans, Diabetes, Streptozotocin, Metformin, Herbal extract

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or action. Despite numerous synthetic anti-diabetic drugs, many have limitations including side effects and limited efficacy, prompting the exploration of safer, plant-based alternatives. Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Indian Kino tree, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for managing diabetes. Its heartwood contains active compounds such as pterostilbene and marsupsin that have β-cell regenerative and insulinogenic properties. Tecoma stans, a yellow trumpetbush, has shown hypoglycemic effects in preliminary studies due to its flavonoid and alkaloid content. This study aims to scientifically evaluate the individual and combined effects of P. marsupium and T. stans in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Role of Insulin in glucose homeostasis

In addition to the direct effects of hyperglycemia on the uptake of glucose into both the liver and peripheral tissues, the hormone Insulin plays a central role in regulating the blood glucose concentration. The islet cell is freely permeable to glucose via GLUT-2 transporter and the glucose is phosphorylated by the high-KM glucokinase. Therefore, the blood glucose concentration determines the flux through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the generation of ATP. The concentration of insulin in the blood parallels that of the blood glucose. Insulin has an immediate effect of increasing glucose uptake in tissues such as adipose tissue and muscle. This action is due to an enhancement of glucose transport through the cell membrane by requirement of glucose transporter from the interior of the cell to the plasma membrane. Insulin does indirectly enhance long-term uptake of glucose by the liver as a result of its actions on the synthesis of enzymes controlling glycolysis, glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Insulin has an immediate effect in activating glycogen synthase.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Plant Material

Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood and Tecoma stans leaf was collected, shade-dried, powdered, and extracted using ethanol/water (70:30) by Soxhlet extraction. The dose used was 250 mg/kg body weight based on previous studies.

1. Animals

Adult Wistar rats weighing 150–180 g was used after one week of acclimatization.

1. Diabetes Induction

Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) after overnight fasting. Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) > 250 mg/dL after 72 hours were included.

1. Grouping and Treatment

Table 1.1 Grouping and Treatment (Pterocarpus marsupium) We arranged same numbers of rats in each group like normal control, diabetic control, Pterocarpus marsupium treated, Tecoma stans treated, combination dose of pterocarpus marsupium and tecoma stans treated and last group is treated by standard drug metformin

S. No.	Group No.	Group Name	Description
1.	I	Normal Control	Non-diabetic, received saline
2.	II	Diabetic Control	STZ-induced, received saline
3.	III	PM Treated	STZ-induced, treated with P. marsupium
4.	IV	Standard Drug	STZ-induced, treated with Metformin (100 mg/kg)

Treatment duration: 21 days; oral dosing once daily.

Table 1.2 Grouping and Treatment (Tecoma stans)

S. No.	Group No.	Group Name	Description
1.	I	Normal Control	Non-diabetic, received saline
2.	II	Diabetic Control	STZ-induced, received saline
3.	III	TS Treated	STZ-induced, T. stans
4.	IV	Standard Drug	STZ-induced, treated with Metformin (100 mg/kg)

Table 1.3 Grouping and Treatment (Combination)

S. No.	Group No.	Group Name	Description
1.	I	Normal Control	Non-diabetic, received saline
2.	II	Diabetic Control	STZ-induced, received saline
3.	III	TS Treated	STZ-induced, treated with both extracts (125+125 mg/kg)
4.	IV	Standard Drug	STZ-induced, treated with Metformin (100 mg/kg)

Parameters Evaluated

Primary Outcomes

Fasting Blood Glucose (Days 0, 7, 14, 21), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), HbA1c at Day 21

Secondary Outcomes

Lipid profile, Body weight, Pancreatic histopathology

Experimental Data

Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL) Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in normal, healthy rats typically range from 3.95 to 5.6 mmol/L (71 to 101 mg/dL). These levels can vary based on factors like fasting duration, sampling method, and the specific rat strain.

Table 1.4 Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL) (Pterocarpus marsupium)

S. No.	Group	Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21
1.	Normal Control	92	90	88	85
2.	Diabetic Control	275	290	300	310
3.	PM Treated	265	210	165	120
4.	Metformin Treated	270	185	135	92

Table 1.5 Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL) (Tecoma stans)

S. No.	Group	Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21
1.	Normal Control	90	88	87	85
2.	Diabetic Control	270	285	295	305
3.	TS Treated	260	215	170	125
4.	Metformin Treated	270	190	130	95

Table 1.6 Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dL) (Combination)

S. No.	Group	Day 0	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21
1.	Normal Control	90	88	87	85
2.	Diabetic Control	270	285	295	305
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Verma Sanjivani Corresponding author Oriental University, Indore (M.P) rajatpawar74@gmail.com Dr. Bais Nidhi Co-author Oriental University, Indore (M.P) Dr. Jain K. Sachin Co-author Oriental University, Indore (M.P) Dr. Vengurlekar Sudha Co-author Oriental University, Indore (M.P) Verma Sanjivani*, Dr. Bais Nidhi, Dr. Jain K. Sachin, Dr. Vengurlekar Sudha, Evaluation of Combination Study of Pterocarpus Marsupium and Tecoma Stans for Antidiabetic Action, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2025, 2 (7), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15806208 More related articles Comparative Analysis of Free Radical Scavenging in... Nisha Shri Chengamaraju, M. Ganga Raju, NVL. Suvarchala Reddy, M.... A Comparative Review Of In-Silico ADME And Toxicit... Pranjali Uddhav Thombal, Mrunali Prashant Wankhade, Pranali Devi... A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Potentia... Mohit ghuge, Dr. Kailash Biyani, Dr. Abhaykumar Sakhare... 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Evaluation of Combination Study of Pterocarpus Marsupium and Tecoma Stans for Antidiabetic Action

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Reference

Verma Sanjivani

Dr. Bais Nidhi

Dr. Jain K. Sachin

Dr. Vengurlekar Sudha

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