Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding Menopausal Health Among Women At Selected Community Area Of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh

In literature women is quoted as “Kshamaya Dharithri”, who plays versatile role in the entire life span. She undergoes significant changes in life, when her reproductive years end and her body and psyche experience a host of physical and emotional changes, starting from the age of fourty-five. ^[1]

Women experience various turning points in their life cycle, which may be developmental or transitional. Midlife is one such transitional period which brings about important changes in women. One of those important changes that occur in this stage of life is menopause. Menopause is an unavoidable change in reproductive life cycle, that every women experience in her middle age and beyond. ^[2]

The word “menopause” literally means the end of monthly cycles from the Greek word ‘pausis’ meaning ‘to stop’ and ‘meno’ meaning ‘month’ because the word “menopause” was created to describe this change in human females where the end of fertility is traditionally indicated by the permanent stopping of monthly menstruation or menses. WHO defined menopause as the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. It is the period of transition between the two phases of women’s life from reproductive to non reproductive years which is characterized by cessation of menstruation and loss of reproduction ability and aging. Menopause brings about many physical, physiological, psychological and social changes in a women’s life and this worsens health related quality of life. ^[3]

In India, the number of menopausal women is steadily increasing due to improved life expectancy and declining fertility rates. Many Indian women experience menopause with limited information and minimal support from healthcare systems. Socio-cultural factors, gender roles, and prioritization of family responsibilities often lead women to neglect their own health needs. This highlights the urgent need for targeted educational interventions that address menopausal health problems in a culturally sensitive and accessible manner. ^[4]

NEED FOR STUDY

In the developed world, it is estimated that there are over 200 million post-menopausal women worldwide and 40 million in India. The average age of Indian menopausal women is47.5 years. ^[11] In rural Uttar Pradesh, approximately 55.6% to 84.4% of women are menopausal women. ^[12] Many women in the developing countries do not know that they can age gracefully, as they are unaware of the dangers that the menopause can cause to their lives. Most of them suffer in silence not bringing to notice their symptoms. ^[12]

International Osteoporosis Foundation (2013) The menopausal women to affect osteoporosis from 80% in 2014 and 74% in 2015. The age of women 45-60 years suffer from osteoporosis. 80% disease was reported in 2015. According to World Health Organization (WHO), medical studies show that osteoporosis is the second global health problem in work. India is one of the largest affected country expert groups in India at approximately 26 million in 2013 with the numbers projected to increase to 36 million by 2015. ^[13] During the menopausal transition there are certain issues that may have urgent priority. Therefore, certain remedial measures regarding the confrontation of these problems are necessary. It is found that 3.1% of Indian women in the age 30-40 years attain menopause. The figure goes up to 8% for the age group of 35-39. The incidence soars after the age of 40 years. There is a demand for menopausal health in Indian scenario due to increasing life expectancy and increase in number of menopausal women who live one third of their life in this hormone deficient state. The goal of the Indian Menopause Society is to enhance awareness about menopause and aging through the public health and educational activities. ^[14]

Therefore, this study is essential to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding menopausal health problems among menopausal women in selected community areas. The findings will contribute to nursing research, support evidence-based practice, and promote holistic care and healthy aging among menopausal women ^[24,25].

OBJECTIVE:

1. To assess the knowledge regarding menopausal health among women.
2. To assess the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding menopausal health among women.
3. To find the association between pre-test knowledge score on knowledge regarding menopausal health among women with their selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESES

H₁: There will be a significant difference between pre-test and post-test level of knowledge scores regarding menopausal health among women after the structured teaching program.

Hâ‚‚: There will be a significant association between pre-test level of knowledge scores and selected demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, and income.

MATERIALS & METHODS:

The distribution of knowledge scores varied significantly across several demographic factors in the study population. Age showed significant association with chi square value18.51, education showed significant association with chi square value 11.019 and previous knowledge showed significant association with chi square value 5.594  as  Research hypothesis (H2) is accepted.

REFERENCES

1. World Health Organization. Menopause [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024 Oct 16 [cited 2026 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause
2. Https: [cited 2026 Jan 27]. Available from: http://1.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menopause
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4. Rajput NH. Menopause: a midlife crisis for women in India. BMJ Glob Health [Internet]. 2025;10(6). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-017863
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7. Babbar K, Singh V, Sivakami M. Rising premature menopause and variations by education level in India. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2024;14(1):18238. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-67730-2
8. Researchgate.net. [cited 2026 Jan 27]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358299287_Effectiveness_of_educational_interventio ns_on_evidence-based_practice_for_nurses_in_clinical_settings_A_systematic_review_and_meta-analysis
9. Indian menopause society (IMS) [Internet]. Indianmenopausesociety.org. [cited 2026 Jan 27]. Available from: https://indianmenopausesociety.org/
10. Sridevi K, Thirusangu S, Patel R. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding menopausal symptoms and its management among women in selected community of Rewa (M.p.). International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology [Internet]. 2022;7(11). Available from: https://zenodo.org/records/7435137