Drug delivery systems are characterized as formulations designed for the transportation of a drug to the targeted area of action within the body. The fundamental element of drug delivery systems is a suitable carrier that safeguards therefrom swift degradation or elimination, consequently increasing drugconcentrationin targeted tissues. Niosomes are promising drug carriers due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, and nonimmunogenic structure, which are created through the self-association of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol in an aqueous environment. In recent years, many research articles have been published in scientific journals highlighting the potential of niosomes to act as carriers for the delivery of various types of drugs. This review outlines preparation methods, characterization techniques, and recent studies concerning niosomal drug delivery systems and provides current information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery.
Niosomes, targeted drug delivery, Biocompatible
Niosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible, harmless, and capable of encapsulating large volumes of material into relatively smaller vesicles. It can be predicted that encapsulation of the drug in a vesicular construct will prolong the presence of the drug in systemic circulation and thus enhance diffusion into the target material and reduce toxicity [1]. The minuscule non-ionic surfactant vesicles known as niosomes have spherical, unilamellar, bilayer, multilamellar, and polyhedded shapes [2]. Niosomes formed by hydration are tiny lamellar structures that arise from the combination of non-ionic surfactants from the alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether category with cholesterol. Their structure, which includes hydrophilic, amphiphilic, and lipophilic components, allows them to encapsulate drug molecules with different solubility profiles [3]. Due to poor water solubility, efflux by gut wall transporters, and first pass metabolism, oral administration of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) II drugs typically results in low and variable bioavailability. Numerous formulation techniques, including solid dispersions, Nano emulsions, Nano suspensions, and nanoparticles based on lipids and polymers have developed to get around these problems. Liposomes and niosomes share structural similarities [4]. Compared to widely utilized Nano systems, niosomes are potential nanocarriers with a number of benefits [5]. Niosomes represent a possibly effective method for delivering phytochemicals compounds, due to their limited solubility in bodily fluids. Different niosomes have been created to address the shortcomings of phytoconstituents [6]. Niosomes are stable against oxidation and hydrolysis processes, and hence, it improves the shelf life of the formulation [7]. In Niosomes, small size range of particles leads to high surface area available for drug absorption through the skin, and thereby provides greater efficacy. These nanocarriers help in formation of thin film on the skin and has occlusive effect with decrease in the [8]. For instance, the oral administration of repaglinide has faced criticism because of first pass metabolism, therefore diminished bioavailability. The necessity for prolonged repaglinide delivery is additionally supported by the need to keep stable plasma levels for the effective long-term control of blood sugar in diabetic individuals. Under these circumstances, transdermal drug delivery continues to be the preferred method of administration [9].
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Nabamita Sen
Corresponding author
Assistant Professor, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad
Fowad Khurshid
Co-author
Principal, Professor, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh-202145, Uttar Pradesh.
M. Ganga Raju
Co-author
Principal, Professor, Gokaraju Rangaraju college of Pharmacy, Hyderabad
J. Tejaswi
Co-author
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad
B. Tejaswini
Co-author
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad
M. Sruthi
Co-author
Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad
Nabamita Sen*, Fowad Khurshid, M. Ganga Raju, J. Tejaswi, B. Tejaswini, M. Sruthi, Niosome As A Promising Tool for Increasing the Effectiveness of Anti-Diabetic Drug for Vesicular Drug Delivery System, Int. J. Sci. R. Tech., 2025, 2 (3), 08-20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14947687
10.5281/zenodo.14947687